1 / 26

Bellringer Friday, 02/23

Bellringer Friday, 02/23. What is a mass extinction ? guess Reminders : Pay LAB FEE anytime in room 225A video quiz tuesday Progress Reports go out this week!. 1 Minute. 4 Minutes. Time’s Up!. 5. 2. 1. 30 Seconds. 3 Minutes. 10. 2 Minutes. 9. 7. 6. 8. 4. 3.

leda
Download Presentation

Bellringer Friday, 02/23

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Bellringer Friday, 02/23 • What is a mass extinction? guess Reminders: Pay LAB FEE anytime in room 225A video quiz tuesday Progress Reports go out this week! 1 Minute 4 Minutes Time’s Up! 5 2 1 30 Seconds 3 Minutes 10 2 Minutes 9 7 6 8 4 3

  2. The History of Life on Earth

  3. LIFE…

  4. Formation of the Earth • Earth was formed approx. 4.54 billion years ago out of the solar nebula. • Initially molten, the outer layer cooled to form a crust about 4.3 B.Y.A. as water was brought to Earth by meteors. • By 3.9 B.Y.A. Earth had cooled enough to form oceans.

  5. Formation of the Earth • Out gassing and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, methane, and other gasses. • The primordial ocean was most likely made up of water, with methane, • ammonia, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon dioxide. • No free oxygen in the • atmosphere or oceans at • this time.

  6. First Life on Earth- Biogenesis • Life – metabolism and reproduction, growth and response to stimuli (adaptation). • Proto cells: cell-like spheroid formed from proteinoids (chained groups of amino acids). • Proto-cells containing RNA may have been the first cellular life forms on Earth. (3.8 B.Y.A.)

  7. The First Cells • Prokaryotic cells (bacteria): Cells without a membrane-bound nucleus. (3.5 - 2.5 B.Y.A.) • Archaebacteria- first autotrophs, blue-green algae (supplied the first oxygen to the atmosphere) • Genetic material is in a circular loop called a plasmid

  8. The First Cells • Eukaryotic cells: cells with a membrane-enclosed nucleus. • Developed approx. 2 billion years ago • Include all complex cells and make up all multi-cellular organisms. • Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes.

  9. The Precambrian • Proterozoic Eon– 2500 to 543 mya • Paleoproterozoic Era – 2500 to 1600 mya • Stable continents • 2400 – 2100: Huronian ice age • Mesoproterozoic Era – 1600 to 900 mya • Formation of supercontinent Rodinia • Eukaryotic cells appear • 1200 mya: spore/gamete formation (sexual reproduction) • Photosynthetic organisms proliferate, oxygen above 10% • Formation of the ozone layer • 950 mya: start of Stuartian-Varangian ice age

  10. The Precambrian • Proterozoic Eon – 2500 to 543 mya • Neoproterozoic Era – 900 to 643 mya • Earth day is 18 hours long • Formation of a supercontinent • Cryogenian Period – 850 to 635 mya • 750 mya: End of last magnetic reversal • 650 mya: mass extinction #1 of 70% of dominant sea plants.

  11. TIME… EON ERA PERIOD EPOCH

  12. Phanerozoic Eon(543 mya to present) • Paleozoic Era – 543 to 251 mya • Vendian (Ediacaran) Period – 635 to 543 mya • 570 mya: end of Stuartian-Varangian ice age • Soft-bodied organisms developed (first jellyfish) • Cambrian Period – 543 to 490 mya • Most of the major groups of animals first appear • 530 mya: Animals with shells appeared

  13. Phanerozoic Eon (543 mya to present) • Paleozoic Era – 543 to 251 mya • Ordovician Period – 490 to 443 mya • Diverse marine invertebrates, first vertebrates appear, first green plants and fungi on land • 450 mya: start of Andean-Saharan ice age • 443 mya mass extinction #2 of many marine invertebrates. • Silurian Period – 433 to 417 mya • End of Adean-Saharan ice age, stabilization of Earth’s climate • Coral reefs appeared, first fish with jaws, spiders, centipedes and plants appear on land.

  14. Phanerozoic Eon (543 mya to present) • Paleozoic Era –543 to 251 mya • Devonian Period – 417 to 354 mya • Ferns and seed-bearing plants appeared, first amphibians • Wingless insects and vertebrates appear on land • Pannotia fragmented into Laurasia and Gondwana • Atmospheric oxygen level about 16% • 374 mya: mass extinction #3 of 70% of marine species

  15. Phanerozoic Eon (543 mya to present) • Paleozoic Era – 543 to 251 mya • Carboniferous Period – 354 to 299 mya • Mississippian Epoch – 354 to 318 mya • Karoo ice age, large primitive trees, vertebrates appear on land, first winged insects • Pennsylvanian Epoch – 318 to 299 mya • First reptiles, atmospheric oxygen over 30%, giant arthropods, deposits of coal form in Europe and Asia.

  16. Phanerozoic Eon (543 mya to present) • Paleozoic Era – 543 to 251 mya • Permian Period – 299 to 251 mya • Formation of the supercontinent Pangaea, Earth is cold and dry • Conifers (pine trees) appear • 260 mya: end of Karoo ice age • Oxygen levels drop from 30% to 12% • 251 mya: Great Permian-Triassic mass extinction #4 – 90% of ocean dwellers and 70% of land plants and animals.

  17. PANGEA

  18. Phanerozoic Eon (543 mya to present) • Mesozoic Era – 251 to 65 mya • Triassic Period – 251 to 200 mya • Breakup of Pangea starts • First dinosaurs appear, first evidence of mammals • 201 mya: mass extinction #5 20% of marine animals

  19. Phanerozoic Eon (543 mya to present) • Mesozoic Era – 251 to 65 mya • Jurassic Period – 200 to 145 mya • Earth is warm – no polar ice • Age of the dinosaurs: giant herbivores and vicious carnivores. • North America splits from Europe. • 150 mya: First birds (archaeopteryx) appear

  20. Phanerozoic Eon (543 mya to present) • Mesozoic Era – 251 to 65 mya • Cretaceous Period – 145 to 65 mya • Africa and India split from Antarctica, South America splits from Africa • Flowering plants, crocodiles appear, modern mammals and birds developed. • 70 mya: T-Rex thrived • 65 mya: Meteor impact, Yucatan, Mexico – mass extinction #6 of dinosaurs.

  21. Phanerozoic Eon (543 mya to present) • Cenozoic Era – 65 mya to today • Tertiary period – 65to 1.8 mya • Paleocene Epoch – 65 to 54.8 mya • Appearance of placental animals • Formation of Rocky Mtns, major global warming • Eocene Epoch • – 54.8 to 33.7 mya • India and Asia collide forming the Himalayas, Australia separates from Antarctica. • Small modern mammals appear.

  22. Phanerozoic Eon (543 mya to present) • Cenozoic Era – 65 mya to today • Tertiary period – 65 to 1.8 mya • Oligocene Epoch – 33.7 to 23.8 mya • Start of Pleistocene ice age • Appearance of grasses, elephants, camels, early horses. • Miocene Epoch – 23.8 to 5.3 mya • The plants and animals of the Miocene were fairly modern. • Mammals and birds were well-established. Whales, seals, and kelp spread.

  23. Phanerozoic Eon (543 mya to present) • Cenozoic Era – 65 mya to today • Tertiary period – 65to 1.8 mya • Pliocene Epoch – 5.3 to 1.8 mya • Accumulation of ice at the poles • Spread of grasslands, rise of long-legged grazing animals • 2.4 mya: Homo habilis appears- tool making humanoids

  24. Phanerozoic Eon (543 mya to present) • Cenozoic Era – 65 mya to today • Quaternary Period – 1.8 mya to today • Pleistocene Epoch – 1.8 mya to 10,000 yrs ago • Homo erectus moves out of Africa • Presence of large land mammals and birds • Global cooling and glaciation • Neanderthals – 500,000 yrs ago • Homo sapiens – 200,000 yrs ago

  25. Phanerozoic Eon (543 mya to present) • Cenozoic Era – 65 mya to today • Quaternary Period 1.8 mya to today • Holocene Epoch – 11,600ya to today • Development of agriculture and domestication of animals starts • 9,000 ya: metal smelting found • 5,500 ya: wheel invented • 5,000 ya: first writing • 4,500 ya: Pyramids in Egypt • 2,000 ya: Christian Era starts • 250 ya: industrialization Age • 50 ya: First Space Travel

More Related