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Parasitic Protozoa

Parasitic Protozoa. Slackers Facts by Mike Ori. Disclaimer. The information represents my understanding only so errors and omissions are probably rampant. It has not been vetted or reviewed by faculty. The source is our class notes.

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Parasitic Protozoa

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  1. Parasitic Protozoa Slackers Facts by Mike Ori

  2. Disclaimer The information represents my understanding only so errors and omissions are probably rampant. It has not been vetted or reviewed by faculty. The source is our class notes. The document can mostly be used forward and backward. I tried to mark questionable stuff with (?). If you want it to look pretty, steal some crayons and go to town. Finally… If you’re a gunner, buck up and do your own work.

  3. What are the three related sporozoans?

  4. Toxoplasmosis Cryptosporidium Plasmodia

  5. What is the definitive host for toxoplasmosis?

  6. What are the routes of acquisition for toxoplasmosis?

  7. 1. Ingestion of undercooked meat especially lamb and pork (vive la France) 2. Cat feces 3. Vertical

  8. Explain when toxo is a concern during transplant

  9. When a seropositive donor heart is transplanted into a seronegative recipient

  10. What results from post transplant infection

  11. Myocarditis

  12. What sx would you expect to see in aids pt

  13. Ring enhancing lesions in the brain

  14. Since toxo increases in aids pt, what type of immunity is likely to play a role in toxo control?

  15. Cell mediated immunity

  16. What is the source of toxo in aids pt

  17. Usually reactivated encysted (bradyzoites) organisms

  18. What is a common source of diarrhea in PT with low CD4+ counts?

  19. Cryptosporidium

  20. Describe the disease course in immunocompetent and immunocompromised pt

  21. Competent: incubation < 2 weeks with 1 week sx. Immunocompromised: long term diarrhea

  22. What is the treatment for cryptosporidium in immunocompromised pt

  23. Raise the CD4 count.

  24. What organism could cryptosporidium be mistaken for in “regular stains”?

  25. Candida

  26. How do you differentiate cryptosporidium from candida

  27. Crypto is acid fast, Candida is not

  28. Why is crypto hard to treat

  29. The organisms invades the ciliated surface and sits in an intracellular but extracytoplasmic location. This limits access to antimicrobial agents.

  30. Describe Girardia morphology

  31. Flagellated pear shaped organisms with two nuclei and a concave sucking disk

  32. Describe Giardia epidemiology

  33. Outdoorsy people that drink from streams without properly treating the water.

  34. What are girardia’ssx?

  35. Most are asymptomatic. Those that have sx experience loose foul smelling stools, abdominal ramps, bloating, weight loss.

  36. Explain how Girardia attaches to the host

  37. It uses its ventral sucking disk for attachment.

  38. How many nuclei does the encysted Giarardia have

  39. Quattro

  40. Which test is more sensitive, O and P or fluorescent antibodies, or ELISA

  41. O and P is not very sensitive especially if the small intestine is colonized. O and P is repeated three. Three tests are typically done. FA and ELISA are much more sensitive and usually yield results in one test.

  42. What is the string test?

  43. PT’s with small intestinal disease swallow the end of a string overnight in an effort to trap organisms in the string for detection.

  44. What is metabolically unique about anaerobic protozoans?

  45. They do not synthesize nucleotides

  46. Name three anaerobic protozoans

  47. Girardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas

  48. Describe the SX with Entamoeba infection

  49. Bloody diarrhea

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