Gross Anatomy of the Mucular System

1. Gross Anatomy of the Mucular System Ex. 15

2. Classification of Skeletal Muscles Types of Muscles Agonists (Prime Movers ) – muscles that are primarily responsible for producing a particular movement Antagonist – muscles that oppose or reverse a movement - When agonists are active, antagonist is stretched and relaxed

3. Synergists – reduce undesirable or unnecessary movement Fixators – immobilize the origin of a prime mover so that all the tension is exerted at the insertion

4. Naming of muscle fibers • Direction of muscle fiber Rectus – fibers are running parallel to imaginary line Transverse-right angle Oblique- • Size Maximus -largest Minimus - smallest Longus - longest Brevis -short

5. Location of muscle • Names for bones they are associated with • Number of origins • Biceps, triceps, quadriceps • Location of the muscle's origin and insertion • Shape of muscle • Action of muscle

6. 3D animations

7. Epicranial aponeurosis Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis Temporoparietalis Temporoparietalis (reflected) Trapezius Temporalis Sternocleidomastoid Clavicle LE 11-3a-0 Omohyoid Deltoid Acromion Pectoralis major Sternum Biceps brachii (short head) Serratus anterior Biceps brachii (long head) Latissimus dorsi Triceps brachii (long head) External oblique Triceps brachii (medial head) Rectus abdominis Brachialis Linea alba Pronator teres Brachioradialis Palmaris longus Extensor carpi radialis longus Flexor carpi radialis Extensor carpi radialis brevis Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor retinaculum Gluteus medius Iliopsoas Pectineus Adductor longus Tensor fasciae latae Gracilis Rectus femoris Sartorius Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Iliotibial tract Patella Gastrocnemius Tibia Fibularis longus Tibialis anterior Soleus Extensor digitorum longus Superior extensor retinaculum Lateral malleolus of fibula Inferior extensor retinaculum Medial malleolus of tibia

8. Epicranial aponeurosis Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis Temporoparietalis (cut and reflected) LE 11-4 Corrugator supercilii Temporalis Temporalis (temporoparietalis removed) Procerus Orbicularis oculi Nasalis Levator labii superioris Zygomaticus minor Levator anguli oris Zygomaticus major Masseter Orbicularis oris Buccinator Risorius Epicranial aponeurosis Platysma Temporoparietalis (cut and reflected) Depressor anguli oris Depressor labii inferioris Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis Mentalis (cut) Sternal head of sternocleidomastoid Procerus Thyroid cartilage of the larynx Clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid Orbicularis oculi Temporalis Nasalis Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis Levator labii superioris Zygomaticus minor Masseter Trapezius Clavicle Levator anguli oris Buccinator Platysma (cut and reflected) Anterior view Zygomaticus major Sternocleidomastoid Mentalis (cut) Orbicularis oris Trapezius Depressor labii inferioris Depressor anguli oris Omohyoid Platysma (cut and reflected) Lateral view

9. LE 11-11a Serratus anterior Internal intercostal External oblique External intercostal Tendinous inscription External oblique (cut) Internal oblique Rectus abdominis Cut edge of rectus sheath Linea alba Anterior view

10. SUPERFICIAL DEEP Sternocleidomastoid Semispinalis capitis Cut edge of right trapezius Splenius capitis LE 11-13a-0 Levator scapulae Trapezius Supraspinatus Scapular spine Rhomboid minor (cut and reflected) Deltoid Infraspinatus Serratus posterior (superior) Teres minor Teres major Rhomboid major (cut and reflected) Triceps brachii Serratus anterior Erector spinae muscle group (see Figure 11–10a) Latissimus dorsi (cut and reflected) Latissimus dorsi Serratus posterior (inferior) Thoracolumbar fascia External oblique Internal oblique External oblique Latissimus dorsi (cut and reflected) Iliac crest Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Posterior view

11. SUPERFICIAL DEEP Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Platysma Subclavius LE 11-13b-0 Deltoid (cut and reflected) Pectoralis minor Deltoid Subscapularis Pectoralis major (cut and reflected) Pectoralis major Coracobrachialis Biceps brachii (short and long heads) Latissimus dorsi Teres major Serratus anterior Serratus anterior External intercostal Internal intercostal Internal oblique (cut) External oblique External oblique (cut and reflected) Rectus sheath Rectus abdominis Superficial inguinal ring Transversus abdominis Gluteus medius Tensor fasciae latae Iliopsoas Pectineus Adductor longus Sartorius Gracilis Rectus femoris Anterior view

12. LE 11-16a-1 Triceps brachii, long head Triceps brachii, lateral head Brachioradialis Olecranon of ulna Anconeus Extensor carpi radialis longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Abductor pollicis longus Extensor digitorum Extensor pollicis brevis Ulna Radius Extensor retinaculum

13. Coracoid process of scapula Humerus Coracobrachialis LE 11-16b-1 Biceps brachii, short head Biceps brachii, long head Triceps brachii, long head Triceps brachii, medial head Brachialis Medial epicondyle of humerus Pronator teres Brachioradialis Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis Pronator quadratus Flexor retinaculum

14. Iliac crest Gluteal aponeurosis over gluteus medius Tensor fasciae latae LE 11-20a Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Biceps femoris, long head Gracilis Semitendinosus Iliotibial tract Biceps femoris, short head Semimembranosus Sartorius Tibial nerve Popliteal artery (red) and vein (blue) Plantaris Hip and thigh, posterior view

15. Anterior superior Iliac spine Gluteus medius Inguinal ligament Iliacus Iliopsoas LE 11-20b Psoas major Pubic tubercle Pectineus Tensor fasciae latae Adductor longus Gracilis Iliotibial tract Sartorius Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Quadriceps tendon Patella Patellar ligament Quadriceps and thigh muscles, anterior view

16. Plantaris LE 11-21a Popliteus Gastrocnemius, medial head Soleus Gastrocnemius, lateral head Soleus Gastrocnemius (cut and removed) Calcaneal tendon Calcaneus DEEP SUPERFICIAL Posterior view

17. LE 11-21d Patella Patellar ligament Medial surface of tibial shaft Medial head of gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior Soleus Tibialis posterior Superior extensor retinaculum Calcaneal tendon Medial malleolus Flexor retinaculum Tendon of tibialis anterior Inferior extensor retinaculum Abductor hallucis Medial view