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The Muscular System Naming & Gross Anatomy

The Muscular System Naming & Gross Anatomy. Naming Skeletal Muscles. By direction of muscle fibers Example : Rectus (straight) By relative size of the muscle Example : Maximus (largest) By location of the muscle Example : Temporalis (temporal bone) By number of origins

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The Muscular System Naming & Gross Anatomy

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  1. The Muscular SystemNaming & Gross Anatomy

  2. Naming Skeletal Muscles • By direction of muscle fibers • Example: Rectus (straight) • By relative size of the muscle • Example: Maximus (largest) • By location of the muscle • Example: Temporalis (temporal bone) • By number of origins • Example: Triceps (three heads)

  3. Naming Skeletal Muscles • By location of the muscle’s origin and insertion • Example: Sterno (on the sternum) • By shape of the muscle • Example: Deltoid (triangular) • By action of the muscle • Example: Flexor and extensor (flexes or extends a bone)

  4. Arrangement of Fascicles Figure 6.14

  5. Head and Neck Muscles • Facial muscles • Frontalis—raises eyebrows • Orbicularis oculi—closes eyes, squints, blinks, winks • Orbicularis oris—closes mouth and protrudes the lips • Buccinator—flattens the cheek, chews • Zygomaticus—raises corners of the mouth

  6. Head and Neck Muscles • Chewing muscles • Masseter—closes the jaw and elevates mandible • Temporalis—synergist of the masseter, closes jaw • Neck muscles • Platysma—pulls the corners of the mouth inferiorly • Sternocleidomastoid—flexes the neck, rotates the head

  7. Head and Neck Muscles Figure 6.15

  8. Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm • Anterior muscles • Pectoralis major—adducts and flexes the humerus • Intercostal muscles • External intercostals—raise rib cage during inhalation • Internal intercostals—depress the rib cage to move air out of the lungs when you exhale forcibly

  9. Anterior Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm Figure 6.16a

  10. Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm • Muscles of the abdominal girdle • Rectus abdominis—flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal contents (defecation, childbirth, forced breathing) • External and internal obliques—flex vertebral column; rotate trunk and bend it laterally • Transversus abdominis—compresses abdominal contents

  11. Anterior Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm Figure 6.16b

  12. Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm • Posterior muscles • Trapezius—elevates, depresses, adducts, and stabilizes the scapula • Latissimus dorsi—extends and adducts the humerus • Erector spinae—back extension • Quadratus lumborum—flexes the spine laterally • Deltoid—arm abduction

  13. Muscles of Posterior Neck, Trunk, Arm Figure 6.17a

  14. Muscles of Posterior Neck, Trunk, Arm Figure 6.17b

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