Organism Interactions

1. Organism Interactions Abbi Johnson May 2, 2014

2. Symbiosis- a relationship between 2 different species that live on, in, or near each other

3. 3 Kinds of Symbiosis • Mutualism • Commensalism • Parasitism

4. Commensalism Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one benefits and the other is not affected.

5. Examples of Commensalism Barnacles attach to whales or mollusks to travel to different spots of the ocean to get more food and eat the leftover food from the animal they attach to. This is commensalism because the barnacles receive the benefit and the larger animal is not affected. Flatworms attach to horseshoe crabs and feed off of the food left behind when the crab is done eating. The flatworm gets food and the horseshoe crab is unaffected. Flatworms attached to horseshoe crabs Barnacles attached to whales

6. Mutualism Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms involved receive a benefit.

7. Examples of Mutualism One example of mutualism is a bee pollinating a flower. The bee benefits by receiving food and gathering things to make honey. The flower benefits because the pollen collected from one flower goes to the next one that the bee lands on, fertilizing the second flower, and can then produce offspring. Another example is sea anemone and a clown fish. The clown fish lives on the sea anemone, which shocks the predators of the clown fish when they try to eat it. The sea anemone receives the benefit of fertilizer from the clown fish's feces. This is mutualism because both the clown fish and the sea anemone are benefited. Bee pollinating a flower Clownfish living in sea anemone

8. Parasitism Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism (parasite) receives a benefit and the other organism (host) is harmed.

9. Examples of Parasitism One example of parasitism is fleas attaching to humans or animals. The flea is benefited by getting food which is the animal’s blood. The other animal is harmed because they lose blood and can become sick. Another example of parasitism is leeches attaching to humans. The leech benefits because it receives food, which is the human’s blood. The human can lose lots of blood or become sick. This is parasitism because one organism is benefited and the other is harmed. a flea feeding on blood A leech attached to a human

10. Other relationships that are not symbiotic: • Competition • Cooperation • Predation

11. Competition Competition is a relationship in which organisms compete for resources such as food, water, and a place to stay and make shelter.

12. Examples of Competition The Peruvian warbling antbird and the yellow-breasted antbird inhabit the same environments, their territories frequently collide or end up inside the other. Contact often brings the birds into fights, and these species compete over both nesting space and food. Competition also occurs between animals of the same species. For example, male deer fight for dominance and mates. They fight until the other is too weak to fight or injured. Two male deer fighting for dominance and mates Yellowbreastedantbird (left) and Peruvian Warbling antbird(right)

13. Cooperation Cooperation is a relationship in which organisms of the same or different species live together and share resources.

14. Examples of Cooperation Animals such as wolves travel in packs. They hunt, live, and travel together, and they share food, water, and space. Another example is gorillas. Gorillas pick fleas and other insects off of each other to keep themselves clean. Gorillas eating off each other Wolf pack

15. Predation Predation is a relationship in which a predator hunts, kills, and eats its prey.

16. Examples of Predation One example of predation is a lion and an antelope. The lion hunts, kills, and eats the antelope for food. Another example of predation is a shark hunting, killing, and eating fish. A Great White Shark eating a fish Lion carrying its fresh prey to eat