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Organism

Organism. Organ. Tissue. Cell Biology. Cell. Organelle. Cell Theory. Introduced in 1665 with discovery of microscope 1830’s - all plants animals made of cells Schwann and Schleiden proposed cell theory: 1) All organisms have 1 or more cells. 2) Cell is basic unit of living things

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Organism

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  1. Organism Organ Tissue Cell Biology Cell Organelle

  2. Cell Theory Introduced in 1665 with discovery of microscope 1830’s - all plants animals made of cells Schwann and Schleiden proposed cell theory: 1) All organisms have 1 or more cells. 2) Cell is basic unit of living things 3) Cells come from pre-existing cells

  3. Cell Structure • The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in the human body. • It can be specialized to do many things.

  4. II. Cell Structure • The cell consists of a mass of cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane. • The cytoplasm contains tiny structures called organelles. Each organelle performs a specific function for the cell.

  5. The Organelles

  6. Nucleus:(Brain of cell) • It contains chromatin, made of DNA, which controls the cells activities. • Large organelle surrounded by a double layered nuclear membrane.

  7. Nucleus Chromatin Nucleus Nuclear Membrane

  8. Nucleolus(ribosome Factories) found in nucleus. Dark area that is important in making ribosomes.

  9. Ribosomes (Protein factories of the cell) • where amino acids are assembled to form proteins during protein synthesis. • Located on the ER or floating in the cytoplasm.

  10. Endoplasmic Reticulum(Subway of the cell) • A network of passageways made from membranes that transports proteins around the cell. • Rough ER has ribosomes. • Smooth ER has no ribosomes.

  11. Endoplasmic Reticulum

  12. GolgiComplex (UPS of the cell) • A series of saclike membranes where proteins are packaged, stored, and shipped off to their destinations.

  13. Mitochondria (power plant of the cell) • Sausage-shaped organelle, covered by a double membrane, where cellular respiration takes place. Burn sugar (glucose) to make energy (ATP)

  14. Mitochondria

  15. Chloroplasts(plants only: Food factory) Double membrane sacs that contain Chlorophyll. It can take light energy and convert it into sugar (glucose) by Photosynthesis.

  16. Lysosomes (stomach of the cell) • Vesicles(Sacs) filled with digestive enzymes and acid. They break down and recycle old organelles in the cell.

  17. Peroxisomes (poison control for the cell) • Vesicles (Sacs) filled with enzymes that break down toxins in the cell.

  18. Cytoskeleton (skeleton of the cell) • A net-like framework that gives the cell its shape. • Composed of threadlike proteins called microfilaments, microtubules.

  19. Cytoskeleton

  20. Centrioles (Obstetrician of the cell) • Two small cylinders made of protein microtubules that help the cell divide during mitosis and meiosis.

  21. Cilia (cell movement) • Short hair-like structures that wave and create currents to move fluids past a cell.

  22. Cilia on a Paramecium

  23. Flagella (cell movement) • Long, hair-like structures that move a cell through a fluid. Flagella

  24. Cell Membrane (fence around the cell) • Semipermeable barrier that controls what enters and leaves the cell

  25. Cell Wall (plant cells only) Rigid layer of cellulose outside the membrane that supports plant cells. Cell Wall

  26. Vacuoles (water tower of cell) • Stores water and dissolved minerals cells. In plants there is one large central vacuole. Plant Cell Animal Cell

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