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Taping Corrections. Incorrect length Slope Temperature Sag Stretch. Incorrect Length. Sources of Error Bad repair Poor standardization C L = (L true -L) Determining - add correction Establishing - subtract the correction. Incorrect Length - Determining.
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Taping Corrections • Incorrect length • Slope • Temperature • Sag • Stretch
Incorrect Length • Sources of Error • Bad repair • Poor standardization • CL = (Ltrue-L) • Determining - add correction • Establishing - subtract the correction
Incorrect Length - Determining • Your Task: Measure distance A to B • You measure 500.00’ • Your tape is actually 100.02’ long • Actual length = 500.10’ • CL = (100.02’ – 100’) = 0.02’/pull • Dtrue = Dmeasured + CL • Dtrue = 500.00 + 5*(.02’) = 500.10’
Incorrect Length - Establishing • Your task: Establish point B exactly 500.00 feet from point A • Your tape is actually 100.02’ long • B is set 5(100.02’) = 500.10’ from A • CL = (100.02’ – 100’) = 0.02’/pull • Correct by subtracting 5(.02’) = 0.10’
s v a h Slope • Trigonometry Horizontal: h = s*cos() • Calculation
s v a h Slope Example • If s = 300.00’ = 5° • h = 300 cos(5) = 298.86’ • v = 300 sin(5) = 26.15’ • If you had measured v = 26.15’ • CS = v2/2S = 26.152/600.00 = 1.14’ • h = v – CS = 300.00 – 1.14 = 298.86’
Temperature Example • Tape calibrated to 100.00’ at 68°F • Determine Dist AB = 368.50’ at 22°F • Calculate true distance • CT = .0000065(22-68)(368.50) = -0.11’ • True Dist AB = 368.50 - 0.11 = 368.39’
Sag • Example: • 2.8-lb chain calibrated at 100.00’ when supported throughout • Established B 348.75’ from A • P = 12 lb, Supported at the ends only • Measured 3 pulls of 100 ft, one of 48.75’ • CS=-[3(2.82*100)+0.0282*48.753]/(24*122)=-.71’ • If P = 18 lb, CS = -0.31’ (Pull hard!) • If pulls are 6 at 50’ plus 48.75’, P = 12 lb, CS = -0.20
Sag and Tension W = 2.8, A = 0.015, PS = 12 Trial and error -> P = 31 lb If P = 18-lb, PS = 12-lb, L = 100’, A = 0.015 in2, CP = (18–12)100/(0.015*29,000,000) = 0.0014’
Taping Precision • 1/2500 - Poor • 1/5000 - Average • 1/10,000 - Good