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California Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) 2000

California Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) 2000. By Donald Hammond February 13, 2001 California Air Resources Board Monitoring and Laboratory Division. Introduction. 1989- ARB begins seasonal (summer) sampling for hydrocarbons 1991- ARB’s Sacramento Area Winter Study

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California Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) 2000

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  1. California Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) 2000 By Donald Hammond February 13, 2001 California Air Resources Board Monitoring and Laboratory Division

  2. Introduction • 1989- ARB begins seasonal (summer) sampling for hydrocarbons • 1991- ARB’s Sacramento Area Winter Study • 1994- Federal regulations require States to establish Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) in ozone non-attainment areas (1-hour standard). PAMS begins with several California Districts.

  3. California Air Districts in the 2000 PAMS Program • South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) • Ventura County Air Pollution Control District (APCD) • San Diego County APCD • Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD • San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD • Santa Barbara County APCD

  4. ARB’s role in PAMS • Provide program development coordination • Provide quality management support for the Districts: Review QA/QC plans Station Probe Audits Laboratory Audits (ARB and Federal) Whole Air Sample Comparisons

  5. ARB’s role in PAMS- continued • Have provided laboratory services to some Districts (Sacramento and San Joaquin) by contract • Coordinate PAMS data analysis (STI reports May 1999) • Assist in the development of the California Alternative Plan (CAP)

  6. Monitoring Stations Types 1, 2, 3, and 4 • 1: Upwind / Background • 2: Maximum Emissions from Central Business District. Requires precursor measurement of both HCs and carbonyls. • 3: Downwind maximum ozone station • 4: Extreme downwind station (transport)

  7. General Sampling Requirements for Ozone Precursors • Type 2 stations collect eight 3-hour samples every day for hydrocarbons and carbonyls • Type 1, 3, and 4 stations collect eight 3-hour samples every third day for hydrocarbons • South Coast AQMD is performing the full plan while other California Districts are on the California Alternative Plan

  8. California Alternative Plan • Requires less sampling for hydrocarbons and carbonyls at all station types • Type 2 stations collect four 3-hour samples every third day for hydrocarbons and carbonyls • Type 1, 3, and 4 stations collect four 3-hour samples every third day for hydrocarbons

  9. California Alternative Plan -continued • Increase sampling on episode days • Collect hourly Total Non-Methane Organic Compounds (TNMOC) at all stations every day

  10. California PAMS: 25 • South Coast AQMD- 7 stations • Ventura County APCD- 3 stations • San Diego County APCD- 4 stations • Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD- 4 stations • San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD- 6 stations • Santa Barbara County APCD- 1 stations • Several Upper Air Profilers

  11. Target Precursors Reported • 56 hydrocarbons • TNMOC (43102) from hourly monitors such as the TEI 55 C or Method 164 • TNMOC (43102) sum of all species from Gas Chromatograph Flame Ionization Detector GC/FID or Method 200 • TNMOC (43102) from GC Pre-concentration Direct (PD) FID or Method 12 • Carbonyls (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde)

  12. Bias Issues- caution data user! • Are calibration gases traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)? • Are oxygenates part of the TNMOC (43102)? • Do Limit of Detection LOD differences among laboratories and methods have an effect? • Sensitivity requirements (are the methods adequate for today’s samples?)

  13. Limit of Detection • TEI or TECO 55 C, Method 164 had a LOD of 150 PPBC, after modification in 2000 the LOD was lowered to about 75 PPBC • GC/FID Method 200 LOD vary from 0.1 to 1 PPBC depending on Laboratory (five district and two contract laboratories operated during year 2000 for PAMS) • GC/PDFID Method 12 has an LOD of 30 PPBC

  14. Relationship of LOD and Method Bias • GC/FID Method 200 may undercount TNMOC if LOD is higher than many of the species • U.S. EPA Technical Advisory Document recommends a minimum LOD of 1 PPBC for Method 200 (outdated standard?) • TNMOC concentrations have gone down since the PAMS program was stated in 1994

  15. Conclusions • A lot of data has been collected over the last seven years with the 2000 season having the most extensive network • With understanding of the data availability and monitoring issues there is an opportunity for data users to better utilize PAMS data • Data users and monitoring staff need to collaborate on method sensitivity

  16. Web Sites of Interest www.arb.ca.gov/aaqm/hcarbons.htm www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/pams/ www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/pams/docs.html www.arb.ca.gov/aaqm/toxics.htm

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