IA DUE THIS FRIDAY 2/14!!!!!! 2/10 & 2/11 ~ Origins of the Cold War ~ Icebreaker

1. IA DUE THIS FRIDAY 2/14!!!!!!2/10 & 2/11 ~ Origins of the Cold War ~ Icebreaker • What were 2 theories on why the Cold War happened? • US policy toward the spread of communism? • What did the Marshall Plan offer? • What did the Truman Doctrine offer? Examples? • Two military alliances formed after Cold War were called? • International peacekeeping organization???

2. Icebreaker Responses: • Theories – Ideology, Arms Race, Propaganda, Russian Expansion, US Imperialism, • US Policy – Containment • Marshall Plan - $$$$$ • Truman Doctrine – economic & military aid to prevent the spread of communism • Military Alliances – NATO & Warsaw Pact • International Peacekeeping – United Nations

3. Origins of the Cold War • Overview • Distrust bet. Capitalist West & communist Soviet Union • When Germany invaded the SU in 1941 these differences had been put aside against the common threat of Nazi Germany • Tehran Conference ~ Stalin unhappy with delay of opening second front in the west & disagreements over post war features of Germany & Poland • Yalta & Potsdam Conference ~ differences depended especially when Truman became president • Tensions over Germany ~ growing Soviet domination of Eastern Europe ~ US drops atomic bombs on Japan and refuses to share technology with USSR

4. Long-term causes, 1917 -1941 • Bolshevik Revolution Nov. 1917 ~ brought to power the Bol. Party under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin & Leon Trotsky = world’s first workers state based on Marxist ideology • Great Contest ~ global conflict between two rival social systems of capitalism & socialism • Short lived Communist Revolutions in Germany & Hungary led Wilson, Clemenceau, & George to isolate the Soviet Union economically & diplomatically

5. Great Contest ~ Early Conflicts 1918 - 1921 • Lenin & Trotsky openly called for revolution in Europe • Consequently from 1918 to 1921 the new Soviet state faced military intervention in the Russian Civil War….armies from US, Britain, France, & Japan gave supplies and assistance to the opponents of the Bolsheviks • US & Wilson refused to recognize the new communist gov’t led by the Bolshevik’s in SU

6. Soviet Weakness during the 20’s • US economy flourished after WWI • Economic backwardness of Russia from tsarist days, Civil War, foreign intervention combined to weaken the SU • Treaty of Brest – Litovsk imposed by Germany = loss of territory & resources • Failures of collectives in agriculture

7. Co-operation 1929 – 1941 • Stalin’s rise to power in 1929 and desire to ensure security of the SU by building ‘Socialism in One Country’…Lenin called for ‘world revolution’ • Great depression in the capitalist west meant ‘Great Contest’ was less important than economic survival • Threat of WWII and rise of Hitler in 1933 improved relations bet. the west and SU…US finally recognizes the SU in 1933…1935 – 1938 Great Purge & Great Terror in SU strengthened anti-Soviet attitudes in the US

8. Ideology vs. Needs • Realpolitik ~ politics & foreign policy based on realities or material needs rather than political principles…Example – Rapallo Treaty & Nazi – Soviet Non Aggression Pact • Riga Axioms – George Kennan a US diplomat worked in the Division of Russian Affairs (DRA) in the 1920’s…believed that the SU was intent on world domination (Riga Axioms)…after WWII his ‘Long Telegram’ formed the basis of USA’s policy Cold War policy of containment

9. Co-Operation & WWII • FDR believed the Nazi Germany to be more expansionist that the SU • Believed that a weakened post-war SU could be persuaded to drop the idea of communism in return for security & economic reconstruction • Stalin saw the refusal of Britain & France to join an anti-Nazi alliance, appeasement @ Munich, as encouragement for Nazi-Germany to attack the USSR • The West saw the war against Finland and annexation of Baltic states as evidence of Soviet Expansion

10. Grand Alliance • When the USSR was attacked by Germany in June 1941 & then US by Japan in December, the US and Britain soon joined with the SU • Now saw Hitler as more serious threat • Outbreak of WWII seemed temporarily to end US/West v. USSR rivalry • Soviet’s had restrictions for Allied service personnel operating on Soviet territory • Stalin considered inadequate Allied aid, given most Axis forces were fighting in the Eastern front • Stalin even feared at times allies would make compromise with Hitler & launch a joint attack vs. SU

11. Group Rules • 15 Minutes to gather information and get ready to present info to class • Presentation 3 – 5 minutes • All members MUST speak & participate • Must complete outline & turn in at end of presentations • No QUESTIONS during presentation

12. Exit Card • Describe 2 Long Term Causes of the Cold War (Bolshevik Revolution, Great Contest, George Kennan & US Division of Russian Affairs, etc.) • Describe 3 Short Term Causes of the Cold War (The Second Front, Tehran Conference, Breakdown of the Grand Alliance, Poland, Germany, Truman Impact, etc.)