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NUTRIEN : NITROGEN

NUTRIEN : NITROGEN. SIGID HARIYADI. Dep. Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan - IPB. ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT. Tucker, MR. 1999. Essential Plant Nutrients: their presence in North Carolina soils and role in plant nutrition. C.

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NUTRIEN : NITROGEN

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  1. NUTRIEN:NITROGEN SIGID HARIYADI Dep. Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan - IPB

  2. ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT Tucker, MR. 1999. Essential Plant Nutrients: their presence in North Carolina soils and role in plant nutrition

  3. C • biomass-limiting nutrients: membatasi produksi biomass • rate-limiting nutrients: membatasilajuproduktivitas primer

  4. diffusive boundary layer

  5. urea

  6. Siklus Nitrogen di perairan NH4+ NO3 N2 • bakteri tertentu • blue-green algae

  7. nitrogen also plays important roles in other water quality processes and may constitute a problem: The oxidation of NH4 to NO3 during the nitrification process consumes oxygen and may contribute significantly to the oxygen depletion of a waterbody. High concentrations of un-ionized NH3 can be toxic to aquatic life. The common form of nitrogen in water is NO3, which itself is not toxic. However, bacteria in the intestinal tract of infants can convert nitrates to highly reactive NO2, which may cause the so-called “ blue baby ” syndrome and death from suffocation. There are strict regulations governing the amount of nitrate that can be present in drinking water. nitrogen is not as often limiting to plant growth as phosphorus in many natural waters, especially in freshwaters. Thus, most of the eutrophica-tion management efforts are focused on phosphorus control.

  8. 4. NH3 + H2O NH4OH NH4+ + OH- NITROGEN (N) Nitrogen di perairan terdapat dalam berbagai bentuk seperti: NO3- (Nitrat) NO2- (Nitrit) gas N2 terlarut NH3 (Ammonia) – gas terlarut NH4+ (ion Ammonium), dan N organik kompleks – dlm jumlah besar (org N) 1. N2 (g) + O2 (g)2 NO (g) 2. 2 NO (g) + O2 (g) ----> 2 NO2 (g) 3. 3 NO2 + H2O ----> 2 H+ + 2 NO3- + NO Reaksi kesetimbangan amonia dan amonium:

  9. Bentuk-bentuk N di alam:

  10. Nitrosomonas • Nitrobacter Nitrifikasi: melibatkanbakterinitrifikasi • 2NH4+ + 3O2 2NO2- + 4H+ + 2H2O • 2 NO2- + O2 2 NO3- Respirasi Nitrat (denitrifikasi):

  11. Total Nitrogen (TN): N-organik Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen (TKN): Total Amonia Nitrogen (TAN) atau TA: total amonia  [ ] = konsentrasi (mol/L atau mg/L)

  12. Ammonia

  13. Ammonia - N • metodaIndophenol (=metodaphenate) ( Utk sampel air dgn kesadahan < 400 mg/L dan berkadar NO2-N < 5 mg/L) Phenol dan hypochlorite (chlorox) bereaksi dalam kondisi larutan basa membentuk phenylquinone-monoimine yang selanjutnya akan bereaksi dengan ammonia membentuk indophenol yang berwarna biru. Kepekatan warna biru sebanding dengan kadar ammonia yang ada. Phenol + Hypochlorite ⇨ phenylquinone-monoimine + NH3 ⇨Indophenol (biru) Semua amonia (NH3& NH4+) NH3 kondisi alkalin/basa Phenol + NH3 + 3ClO- ‑‑‑‑> Indophenol + 2H2O + OH- + 3Cl- (Hypochlorite) (biru) setiap set penentuan ammonia, harus selalu disertai denganpenentuan standar ammonia dan blanko • Kadar ammonia yang terukur pada metoda ini adalah ammonia total yaitu terdiri dari NH3 dan NH4-, karena pada larutan bersuasana basa kuat semua ammonia berada dlm bentuk NH3 TAN SigidHariyadi

  14. Total Ammonia Nitrogen Prosentase NH3 thd ammonia total (TAN) sangat dipengaruhi oleh: • pH • temperatur • salinitas  air payau & air laut SigidHariyadi Sumber: Trussel (1972) in Boyd (1979)

  15. 100 1 +antilog (pKa – pH) % NH3 = % un-ionized ammonia: pKa = -log (Ka) Ka : konstanta ionisasi

  16. Amonia dan Amonium: [ ] = konsentrasi (mol/L) Konstanta kesetimbangan amonia Ke dipengaruhi oleh temperatur (T): T dalam C pada 25 C

  17. Proporsi amonium thd total amonia (TA): Proporsi amonia thd total amonia (TA): total amonia 

  18. Siklus Nitrogen

  19. Siklus Nitrogen SigidHariyadi – 2011

  20. Siklus N antarafitoplankton-bakteri-zooplankton

  21. Siklus N

  22. Siklus N SigidHariyadi – 2011

  23. Distribusivertikalamoniadannitrat di danauter-stratifikasi

  24. Klasifikasi status trophicperairan (OECD, 1982)

  25. Konsep N-P ratio: Di dalam sampel plankton, rasio atom = 106 C : 16 N : 1 P Redfield ratio (1963) N-P ratio • sediaan nutrien bagi perkembangan algae Normalnya ⇨ 16 atom N : 1 atom P 7.2 mg/LN:1 mg/LP Bila N-P ratio < 7 ⇨ N potensial sbg faktor pembatas Bila N-P ratio > 8 ⇨ P potensial sbg faktor pembatas “Biologically available” N = nitrat + nitrit + ammonia “Bio-available” P = orthophosphate • konsentrasi dari masing-masing N dan P tetap perlu diketahui

  26. Referensi:  ① ② ③

  27. Terimakasih

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