Rain Forest Biome

1. Rain Forest Biome By: Shannon Zajec and Allie Gaye http://www.deltarepro.com/img/rainforest.jpg

2. Locations Rainforests are found in more than forty countries around the equator. They are located in the tropics. The tropics can be found from the Tropic of Capricorn, south of the equator, to the Tropic of Cancer, which is north of the equator. Rainforests can be found in parts of Brazil, Venezuela, the Amazon Basin, Colombia, French Guinea, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Southeast Asia, Costa Rica, New Guinea, the Philippines, Kenya, Australia, and more. The latitude range for rainforest climate is 15° to 25° North and South of the equator http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/rainforest.htm

3. Abiotic FactorsClimates Temperatures: 93 °F (34 °C) or drops below 68 °F (20 °C Humidity: between 77 and 88% Rainfall: more than 150 inches a year Seasons don’t change. http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/rainforest.htm

4. Abiotic Factors Rainforests covers less than 6% of Earth's land surface Earths Oxygen: 40% http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/rainforest.htm

5. Kinkajous Carbon Cycle

8. Linn Sloths Cycles

11. Species: flavus • The adaptation, sharp claws help them to climb trees and their long tail to hang from tree to tree for their grip. • Kinkajous' teeth are good for eating big food and ripping apart its food. • They hide in the upper branches from the birds of prey that benefits from its environment by feeding on its prey. Kinkajou (Potos) http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/kinkajou/

12. Linns Sloth (Cholopeus) Species: didactylus • The Linn's sloth has two claws on each front-foot that helps it to defend itself and aids in climbing trees. • The sloth has a big, pouched stomach that can help it digest the tough cellulose in leaves. • The greenish color helps camouflage from their predators like Leopards. http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/linns_sloth.htm

13. Food Chain in Rain Forest http://www.world-builders.org/lessons/less/biomes/rainforest/temp_rain/tempgifs/tempweb.gif

14. Producers of Rain Forest • Strangler Fig (Ficus) • Species: ssp. • Unlike most plants, strangler figs start out their lives as epiphytes in the crook of a tree or on its branches. This allows plants to gain more light than if on the forest floor which recieves little light. • The seedlings grows slowly at first, getting their nutrients from the sun, rain and leaf litter that has collected on the host so it can survive in the rainforest • The forest floor of a rainforest is a difficult place for seedlings to grow, so there is little light and a lot of competition for water and nutrients which is hard for it to survive. • Bengal Bamboo (Bambusa) • Species: tulda • It can reduce soil erosion. • It physically adapts to its environment by growing tall fast so it gets a lot of rain and sunlight. • It sucks up water from heavy rains that might cause flooding and also provides shelter for many animals. http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/strangler_figs.htm http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/rainforest/animals/Foodweb.shtml

15. Consumers of Rain Forest • Vampire Bat (Desmodus) • Species:rotundus • Incisors are two sharp and pointy teeth to kill its prey. • Unlike other bats the vampire bat can walk, run, and hop along the ground to stalk its prey so they don’t starve. • A thumb claw sticks out from • the front of its wings and it uses this for climbing around on its prey. • It’s a carnivore • King Cobra(Ophiophagus) • Species:hannah • It will also sometimes spits in its prey's eyes which stings and will kill rapidly if it gets into the blood stream. • The King Cobra is the only snake that builds a nest and guards it until the eggs hatch. • The poison is also a special adaptation that paralyzes the nervous system of its prey, which is often larger than itself. • It’s a carnivore http://info.rforests.tripod.com/biotic_factors.htm http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/rnfrst_animal_page.htm

16. Apex Predator of Rain Forest • Leopard (Panthera) • The jaguar is a big cat with a compact and strong muscular body. • Jaguars are solitary animals with distinct territories. • The short and stocky limbs facilitate the animal to climb, swim and crawl. • Jaguars living in rainforests can be smaller and darker than those living in open areas because they are the top of the foodchain. • It’s a carnivore http://www.allaboutwildlife.com/rain-forest-tigers-leopards-jaguars-and-lions http://www.buzzle.com/articles/jaguar-the-rainforest-animal.html

17. Food web of Rainforest • Blue- Kinkajou • Pink- Sloth • Linn's sloth is an omnivore • Kinkajou is an omnivore http://biomes743.wikispaces.com/file/view/rain_forest_3_web.jpg/123918351/596x666/rain_forest_3_web.jpg

18. Community Interactions of Potosflavus http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/kinkajou/ Predator Prey: Jaguars (Panthera onca) eat the Kinkajous.

19. Competition the act or process of competing http://www.squidoo.com/tropicalrainforest There isn't much competition for a Kinkajou, plants and trees are really their main focus.

20. Interspecific Completion • Kinkajous have to share trees and fruit with Opossums. Its hard for them because the food and tree space is limited. Arising or occurring between species. http://www.mendeley.com/research/interspecific-competition-niche-partitioning-example-neotropical-rainforest-bat-community/

21. Intraspecific Competition • Kinkajous will usually feed solitarily except when feeding in large fruit trees where there is less intraspecific competition because of the abundant food supply . When drought makes food less abundant they fight for fruit. the dominance of one species over another when both are competing for the same resources, etc. http://zookeepersjournal.com/wiki/index.php?title=Kinkajou

22. Competitive Exclusion Raccoons cannot live with Kinkajous because they come from the same family and eat all the same things so they would eat up all the same food and there wouldn’t be enough for both of them the dominance of one species over another when both are competing for the same resources, etc. http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/competition.htm

24. Symbiosis • Kinkajou has a symbiotic relationship with trees the living together of two dissimilar organisms, as in mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/cn5leeasa0/Tropical-Rainforest-Animals-Survival-Adaptations-Tropical-Rainforest-Animals.html

25. Mutualism • Ant-fungus mutualism is a symbiosis seen in certain ant and fungal species, where ants actively cultivate fungus much like humans farm crops as a food source. The ants actively, nurture and defend the fungi cultivar. In return, the fungus provides nutrients for the ants a relationship between two species of organisms in which both benefit from the association. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11409051

26. Parasitism • Strangler figs grow on the branches of trees and eventually sprout aerial roots which then establish themselves in the ground. Over time, many roots grow and establish themselves around the host tree and the roots kill the tree. the relationship between a parasite and its host http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071103141732AA6I2cE

27. Commensalism • Insects lay eggs in the sloth's waste. A symbiotic relationship in which one organism derives benefit while causing little or no harm to the other. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_an_example_of_commensalism_in_the_tropical_rainforest

28. Human Activity • They chopped down the trees that block the sunlight. Therefore increasing temperature. They take minerals, flowers, and other things from the rainforest and make beverages and minerals. • They kill animals in order to get food, and when they do this they throw the food chain and the society totally off. • Ex: killing a snake would have more frogs that can live and eat more grass and plants. Pretty soon they'll be no more grass and plants. • And grass and plants is a main source of oxygen. And if they cut down trees along with that it would be disastrous. Animals would die. • http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_some_human_effects_on_the_tropical_rain_forest#ixzz1tfMJNE00

29. Econiches Threaten by Humans • Rainforests and their higher elevation cousins, cloud forests, contain large concentrations of species, so plants and animals abound in particularly large concentrations. • When trees get cut down from humans animals like the sloth and kinkajou can not hang from the trees and their shelter gets taken away from them http://rainforests.mongabay.com/0803.htm

30. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/mammals/sloth/ Sloths Econich • Econiches: The full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organisms lives in a way of those conditions. • Diet: They eat small insects, leaves and lots of vegetation and bugs. • Nest: Sloths are nocturnal and sleep curled up with their head placed between the arms and the feet drawn close together. Sloths rarely climb down from the trees and can live for up to 30 years. http://www.srl.caltech.edu/personnel/krubal/rainforest/Edit560s6/www/animals/slothpage.html

31. Econiche Sloth • Population: The two-toed population may be as high as 1500. These sloths tend to be active at night, changing trees frequently and moving rather long distances in one night. They weigh as much as 8 kg, have two long claws on the front feet, no mask on the face and no tail. • Range: Sloths are extremely slow-moving mammals found in the rainforest canopies of Central and South America. They are considered as “least concerned” Sloths spend almost all of their lives in trees; they are arboreal. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/mammals/sloth/index.shtml http://rainforest.montclair.edu/pwebrf/rainforest/Animals/mammals/sloths.html

32. Econiche Sloth • Parental Care: Parental care is done by the female. She gives birth approx. 263 days after conception. The infant is carried on its mother's belly for six months. After six months, the mother leaves the baby in her home range to fend for itself. http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/FieldCourses99/TropEcoCostaRicaArticles/TheLifeoftheSloth.FinalDr.html

33. www.scalloway.org.uk/phye2.htm Trees effect rainfall • Removing the vegetation cover exposes the soil to erosion and leaching. Without the branches and leaves to break its fall, heavy tropical storms can quickly wash the soil from even an gentle slope. Cutting down the trees also takes away the roots which helps bind the soils together. The soil can quickly silt up rivers and lakes.

34. Cutting Tree effect global temperatures • Cutting the rainforests changes the reflectivity of the earth's surface, which affects global weather by altering wind and ocean current patterns, and changes rainfall distribution. If the forests continue to be destroyed, global weather patterns may become more unstable and extreme. • Having less cloud cover means the increase in temperatures. Both the burning of the trees and their reduced number increases the concentration of carbon dioxide. http://rainforests.mongabay.com/0906.htm

35. It would leave to much C02 in the air if you were To move the trees. Which would not make the food Grow. Which would leave the animals have less food.

36. The water from the sky would start to flood because there would be no trees to absorb water if they cut them down.

37. Burning fossils fuels makes acid rain fall when the carbon cycle is in place http://news.mongabay.com/2009/0604-hance_nitrogen.html