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CEE 582 Introduction to ITS

CEE 582 Introduction to ITS. Mark Hallenbeck – TRAC Pete Briglia - TRAC/TransNow. Course Web Site. http://courses.washington.edu/cee582/ No text (although ITE Primer can be purchased for $50 members / $62.50 non-members)

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CEE 582 Introduction to ITS

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  1. CEE 582Introduction to ITS Mark Hallenbeck – TRAC Pete Briglia - TRAC/TransNow

  2. Course Web Site • http://courses.washington.edu/cee582/ • No text (although ITE Primer can be purchased for $50 members / $62.50 non-members) • http://www.ite.org/emodules/scriptcontent/Orders/ProductDetail.cfm?pc=TB-014

  3. Course Grading • Midterm (30%) - February 4th • Final (30%) – March 16th • Both exams given in the More 1A computer lab • Course Project (30%) • Periodic small homework assignments (10%)

  4. Course Project • Design a Transit Signal Priority System for Toon Town, USA • To be handed out the second week of class • Due Feb. 25th – 5 PM (electronic and paper copies)

  5. Course Project • Done individually • The keys are • Completeness of your discussion/solution • Identification of systems and interactions • Discussion of how you handle the limitations of the technologies • Discussion of the interaction of the various Toon Town agencies

  6. Syllabus • (See Web Site) • Also note links to resources on the course web site

  7. Contact Information • Office Hours: – T/Th • Monday & Wednesdays: 3:00 PM – 5:00 PM • Tuesdays & Thursdays: 300 – 3:25 PM • Or at TRAC by appointment • Office: • @ TRAC - 1107 NE 45th St, Suite #535

  8. Contact Information • Mark Hallenbeck tracmark@u.washington.edu 543-6261 • Cell # (425) 890-3894

  9. Intelligent Transportation Systems - ITS • ITS – The use of modern electronics and communications technologies to improve the performance of the transportation system

  10. Electronics • Microprocessors – the “intelligence” in ITS • Allow continuous computation of key control values • Are ubiquitous in the modern world • In vehicles • On vehicles • In the right-of-way • In control systems

  11. Electronics • Also make possible the use of a wide variety of data collection sensors • Vehicle surveillance • On-board vehicle diagnostics • Remote identification

  12. Communications • Allow the transfer of information from one point to another • Feed data into the microprocessors, in order to make control decisions

  13. ITS • Sensors describe what is happening • Communications allow transmission of large quantities of data • CPU power (and software) allow • fusion of multiple data sources at key control centers • improved control decisions • Result = improved transportation system performance

  14. Cheap Summary • Anything that deals with any part of the above is now called “ITS” • Sensors / surveillance systems • Communication systems • Control systems • ITS has traditionally been divided into the following basic categories

  15. Types of ITS Services • ATMS – Advanced Traffic Management • APTS – Public Transportation • ATIS – Traveler Information • ARTS – Rural Transportation • CVO – Commercial Vehicle Operations • AHS/IVI – Automated Highway Systems • ADUS – Archived Data User Services

  16. Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) • Improved control systems that change traffic controls according to actual traffic conditions • New control strategies • Adaptive control • Coordination between control systems • Integration of independent control systems

  17. ATMS • Goal of ATMS • Improve the flow of traffic • Make better use of available infrastructure

  18. Advanced Public Transit Systems (APTS) • Goal: To improve the • Operational characteristics of transit fleets • Maintenance (cost and/or reliability) of transit fleets • Revenue control • Security of drivers and passengers • Level of service experienced by riders • Information used for planning

  19. Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) • Goal: To improve the information given to travelers so that: • greater levels of mobility are experienced, and • decreased congestion and delay results OR • When travel options do not exist: • Avoid the trip altogether, or • At least reduce level of driver frustration

  20. Advanced Rural Transportation Systems (ARTS) • Goal: Cost effective solutions for rural problems not associated with peak period congestion • A combination of ATMS, APTS, ATIS, EMS aimed specifically at rural applications • Recreational travel patterns • Safety improvements • Lower costs required • Often a larger geographic area covered

  21. Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) • Goal: To improve the efficiency and safety of commercial vehicle fleets, and reduce the cost of commercial vehicle operations • Tax compliance • Safety records and compliance • Maintenance records • Legal status (weight, authorization, tax payment, customs/immigration status)

  22. Automated Highway Systems • Goal – Improve safety by reducing the effects of human error • Concept: Cars of the future will drive themselves! • Result 1: Its technically feasible, but implementation is unrealistic • Result 2: We can still take advantage of parts of the AHS concept

  23. IVI Thus, AHS begat: • IVI = Intelligent Vehicle Initiative, which begat • VII = Vehicle Infrastructure Integration

  24. IVI – Intelligent Vehicle Initiative • Reality – Subsystems that can improve the safety and operation of individual vehicles • Anti-lock brakes • Automated headway maintenance • Collision avoidance warning systems • Automated mayday systems

  25. VII – Vehicle Infrastructure Integration • The public sector components of the system needed to connect the IVI components of different vehicles to gain additional safety and efficiency benefits • Primarily DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication) • And what can be done as a result of DSRC

  26. Archived Data User Services (ADUS) • Goals: To store and use data generated by ITS systems to: • Improve the operation of those systems, and • Management of the transportation system

  27. ADUS • Management is not possible if you don’t know what is happening • “You can’t manage what you don’t measure” • ITS generates the data needed to determine what is happening. ADUS • Stores it • Analyzes it, and • Reports it

  28. ADUS - Examples • Traffic control systems generate usage and performance information • Improve operational controls • What plans work, what don’t • How many vehicles are really using the system • Planning and programming • Describing to the public and public officials the “state-of-the system” (for prioritization) • Used in planning / programming analyses • Environmental analysis • Model calibration

  29. ADUS • Fleet management systems allow determination of where “slack time” exists and can be recovered • Idle vehicle time (trucks, buses) • Where delays are occurring and need to be eliminated • Which vehicle components are likely to fail so that they can be replaced before they break

  30. Let’s Talk Remote Identification • Knowing who/what is present allows many tasks to be automated: • Bill paying (tolls) • Access control (garage door openers) • Theft prevention / recovery (Lo-Jac) • Commonly called - AVI

  31. AVI • AVI = automatic vehicle identification • The same technology is called AEI in the business world (Auto. Equipment Identification) • Note that Wal-Mart is now requiring all goods delivered to them to be shipped on pallets equipped with RFID tags, one type of AVI/AEI

  32. ID By Itself Is Useless • Need to know other things about that person / thing • Its location • Specific attributes • Actually knowing WHO it is, may not be important

  33. Knowing Location • Automatic Vehicle Location = AVL • Easiest = beacon or signpost • (garage door opener) • Basically – “I’m here! Do something for me.” • More complex, but more robust • GPS • Dead reckoning • Combinations of two of the three

  34. Communications • High bandwidth • Mostly “wire-line” • Fiber optic • Co-axial cable, twisted pair copper • Wireless • Tera Beam (light wave) • Microwave • WiFi (802.11 g) • Used for high volume data transmission • Usually from one fixed position to another

  35. Communications • Moderate Bandwidth • Dedicated short range (DSRC) technologies • RF (radio frequency spectrum) • IR (infrared) • Other (FCC licensed and unlicensed spectra) • Lower Bandwidth • Older wireless technologies • Various cellular telephone technologies • WiFi (802.11a & b?) • Spread spectrum radio • Pager networks

  36. Electronics + Communications = New Capabilities • Added together, electronics and communications provide new capabilities • Specific combinations of technologies = specific products • Those products / technologies require software, and creativity

  37. ITS Technologies / Products • Automated Vehicle / Equipment Identification (AVI / AEI) • Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) • Vehicle Monitoring • Counting • Classification • Performance (speed, engine diagnostics, etc.)

  38. Let’s Talk Location and Identification

  39. AEI / AVI + Database • Associating an identification number with other information allows powerful capabilities • This requires data management capabilities • It also turns technology into a product

  40. So??? • Technology = Products • Products = Services • Services solve problems • People / agencies want solutions to problems • ITS is only implemented when it solves an important problem (or cuts the cost of doing business)

  41. So???? • For example: • Vehicle location allows: • Improved transit bus security • Police can respond to the exact location of trouble • Operational improvements • A trucking operator can send the closest, empty, truck to pick up the new load that is now ready • Performance monitoring • Tracking location at consecutive locations = travel time (or speed)

  42. But… • ITS technology only gets implemented when it makes economic sense • That is, when it resolves a problem (including providing a desired service) more cost-effectively than alternative methods

  43. And… • ITS frequently requires a change in business practice (what an agency does, or how an agency goes about its business) • Thus, ITS is often not successful unless agency support for those changes in business practice exists

  44. Worse Yet • Changes in business practice often require: • Cooperation of outside agencies / organizations • Cooperation of other divisions within your own organization • Interaction with other computer systems • Many of which were built without consideration of the need to interact with exterior systems • Causes problems with the timing of system updates • Raise issues of data security

  45. Worse Yet (cont.) • Changes in Business Practice: • Create problems with who pays for what • Requires picking the “best” technology given imperfect information

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