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FLY VECTORS MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION OF PATHOGENS

repeated egg batches. eg. Moraxella transmission by Musca or Trypanosoma by tabanids. FLY VECTORS MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION OF PATHOGENS. flies take many meals for each egg batch, thus rapid transmission on contaminated mouthparts. repeated egg batches.

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FLY VECTORS MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION OF PATHOGENS

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  1. repeated egg batches eg. Moraxella transmission by Musca or Trypanosoma by tabanids FLY VECTORSMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION OF PATHOGENS flies take many meals for each egg batch, thus rapid transmission on contaminated mouthparts

  2. repeated egg batches eg. encephalitis virus in mosquitoes one blood meal per egg batch, pathogen develops internally over ~10 days FLY VECTORSBIOLOGICAL TRANSMISSION OF PATHOGENS

  3. single female fly transmission by one female during feeds for repeated egg laying ~ 8 days larva nymphadult transmission from stage to stage, one feed per stage, interval 6-18 months FLY VECTORSFLIES COMPARED TO TICKS AS VECTORS single tick

  4. reservoir host new reservoir host disease host Nos seasonal peak of vectors January January FLY VECTORSVERTEBRATES AND VECTORS AS RESERVOIRS eg. bluetongue by Culicoides

  5. FLY VECTORSAMPLIFICATION OF VIRUS TRANSMISSION eg. bluetongue by Culicoides vector needs to survive well and feed often reservoir host disease host but insufficient virus in vector refractory host disease host + plenty virus in vector

  6. FLY VECTORSDISEASE SPREAD eg. AHS and Bluetongue increasingly milder winters >> longer midge survival during year EUROPE • Culicoides obsoletus in Europe could become competent vector under warmer conditions. • Can C.imicola become common in Europe? • Baton effect, virus passes from African midges >> cattle >> European midges sheep are not carriers after infection cattle are reservoirs for BTV for ~200 days Culicoides imicola in Africa is competent vector of AHS and BT viruses. Spreads far on wind. AFRICA .

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