190 likes | 324 Views
Yu SM, ScD, MPH Huang ZJ, MB, PhD, MPH Schwalberg R, MPH Overpeck MD, DrPH Kogan MD, PhD. Acculturation and the Health and Well-Being of U.S. Immigrant Adolescents. Background. Nearly 14 million immigrant children in U.S.
E N D
Yu SM, ScD, MPH Huang ZJ, MB, PhD, MPH Schwalberg R, MPH Overpeck MD, DrPH Kogan MD, PhD Acculturation and the Health and Well-Being of U.S. Immigrant Adolescents
Background • Nearly 14 million immigrant children in U.S. • Growth of immigrant students in K-12 from 6% in 1970 to 19% in 1997 • IOM report found first generation immigrant adolescents in better health and have lower risk behaviors; but adjustment problems and acculturative stress in LEP population • Language at home is a measure of acculturation
Study Objective • To estimate prevalence of health, psychosocial and parental risk factors by race/ethnicity and language groups • To examine association of the degree of acculturation and race/ethnicity and risk factors
Methods • 1997-98 WHO Study of Health Behavior in School Children (HBSC) • National representative sample of grades 6-10 in U.S. schools • Black and Hispanic youths oversampled • 83 percent participation rate in 386 schools • Anonymous standardized questionnaires
Study Population Total N=15,220 • N-H White=8,915 • N-H Black=2,667 • Hispanic=2,942 • N-H Asian=696
Variables • Independent variable • Language spoken at home • Outcome variables • Health factors • Psychosocial school factors • Parental factors • Control variables • Gender, maternal education, age
Language at Home and Nativity Status Within Race/Ethnicity Groups (Percents)
Mixed language N=395 Only other language N=123 Students in class do not enjoy being together 1.4 (NS) 2.2 Students do not feel safe at school 1.5 1.6 (NS) 1.2 (NS) 2.5 Parents not ready to help 1.2 (NS) 2.4 Parents expect too much 2.1 2.8 Bullied at school Odds Ratios of Selected Outcomes Based on Language at Home Among N-H Whites
Odds Ratios of Selected Outcomes Based on Language at Home Among N-H Blacks
Odds Ratios of Selected Outcomes Based on Language at Home Among Hispanics
Odds Ratios of Selected Outcomes Based on Language at Home Among Asians
Odds Ratios of Parents Not Ready to Help Among Students Who Speak Only Another Language at Home Reference group=English only N-H White
Odds Ratios of Parents Expecting Too Much of Student at School Among Students Who Speak Only Another Language at Home Reference group=English only N-H White
Odds Ratios of Parent Not Willing to Talk to Teacher Among Students Who Speak Another Language Reference group=English only N-H White
Odds Ratios of Being Bullied at School Among Students Who Speak Another Language Reference group=English only N-H White
Odds Ratios of Not Feeling Safe at School Among Students Who Speak Another Language Reference group=English only N-H White
Conclusions • Complex interaction among immigration, race/ethnicity, and linguistic assimilation • All non-White youths at higher risk of being bullied • All ‘other language’ youths experience elevated psychosocial and parental risks • Level of acculturation associated with risk in each race/ethnicity
Limitations • Underestimate of risk due to in-school population • Absenteeism • Lack of citizenship information • Lack of info. on length of time in U.S.
Implications • Risk reduction intervention should be targeted towards new immigrants of all races and ethnic groups • Diversity within race/ethnic group should be recognized • Outreach programs needed for parents of immigrant children