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Journey to the Center of the Earth

Journey to the Center of the Earth. What’s it like below the surface?. Earth’s Layers. Crust Average thickness: 30 km Made of: solid rock (granite and basalt) Mantle Average thickness: 2900 km 85% of the Earth’s weight Made of: partially melted rock. Earth’s Layers. Outer core

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Journey to the Center of the Earth

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  1. Journey to the Center of the Earth

  2. What’s it like below the surface?

  3. Earth’s Layers • Crust • Average thickness: 30 km • Made of: solid rock (granite and basalt) • Mantle • Average thickness: 2900 km • 85% of the Earth’s weight • Made of: partially melted rock

  4. Earth’s Layers • Outer core • Average thickness: 2260 km • Made of: liquid metal (iron and nickel) • Inner core • Average thickness: 1200 km • Made of: solid metal http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/earths-layers-lesson-1

  5. Crust • This layer is the most widely studied because it’s where we live. • The crust is, in fact, extremely thin in comparison to the other layers. It’s like the skin on an apple. • The thickness of the crust varies, but, on average, oceanic crust is 3 – 5 miles thick and continental crust is about 25 miles thick.

  6. Mantle • Below the crust is the mantle. This is where rock starts to melt. • Temperatures range from 1600 – 4000° F. • The mantle makes up the majority of the Earth. It is about 1800 miles thick.

  7. Outer Core • The outer core is so hot that metals are in a liquid state. Temperatures in the outer core range from 4000 – 9000° F. • The outer core is about 1400 miles thick.

  8. Inner Core • There is so much pressure in the inner core that, even though it’s hot, metals are forced together in a solid phase. • The pressure at the center of the Earth is 3 million times the atmospheric pressure at sea level. That’s enough to squish you down to the size of a marble! • The inner core is 800 miles thick.

  9. How did scientists firstlearn about the Earth’s layers? • Seismic waves • Magnetic field

  10. The Moho • The Mohorovičić Discontinuity was discovered in 1909 by Andrija Mohorovicic, a Croatian seismologist. • It is the boundary between the crust and the mantle. • It is found at an average depth of 8 km below oceanic crust and 32 km below the continental crust.

  11. Putting it all together… http://www.iris.edu/hq/inclass/ animation/layers_of_the_earth

  12. Scale Model • If we were to shrink things down… • Crust = 1 inch (oceanic crust only 1/8 inch) • Mantle = 6 feet • Outer core = 4 feet + 8 inches • Inner core = 2 feet + 8 inches

  13. Journey to the Center of the Earth • Divide a stairwell or classroom wall into zones. • Decorate and display information about each layer.

  14. Scale Model • Jar model • Pie model • Wooden circles

  15. Make Your Own • Layers of Earth poster • 3D model

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