1 / 84

BLOOD

BLOOD. Blood transports oxygen maintains homeostasis fights infection prevents blood loss maintains body temperature. Hematophobia = fear of blood. Blood and Blood Cells. Blood is a type of CONNECTIVE TISSUE It has two basic components: Plasma (water, proteins, amino acids..etc)  = 55%

lew
Download Presentation

BLOOD

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. BLOOD

  2. Blood • transports oxygen • maintains homeostasis • fights infection • prevents blood loss • maintains body temperature Hematophobia= fear of blood

  3. Blood and Blood Cells Blood is a type of CONNECTIVE TISSUE It has two basic components: Plasma (water, proteins, amino acids..etc)  = 55% CELLS  (rbc, wbc, platelets)  = 45%

  4. Plasma Proteins Albumins – blood pressure Globulins– transport lipids and antibodies for immunity Fibrinogen – important for blood clotting MAJOR EVENT IN BLOOD CLOTTING = Fibrinogen converted to FIBRIN

  5. Hematocrit - volume of blood cells in a sample, should be 45%. The remaining fluid is plasma (55%). To determine the percentages, blood is placed in a centrifuge

  6. Three Types of Blood Cells red blood cells (erythrocytes)white blood cells (leukocytes)platelets (thrombocytes)

  7. Main Functions of RBCs Transports oxygen, picks up carbon dioxide HEMOGLOBIN - molecule that combines with O2 IRON is critical to synthesize hemoglobin

  8. Erythrocytes (RBCs) Figure 17.3

  9. WHITE BLOOD CELLS(Leukocytes)) General function is to protect the body against disease There are FIVE different kinds of WBCs Granulocytes (granular cytoplasm) Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils Agranulocytes (lacking granular cytoplasm) Monocytes, Lymphocytes

  10. Neutrophil(nucleus has several lobes) Active phagocytes 60% of WBC Present in the pus of wounds

  11. Eosinophil Mainly attack parasites 2% WBC

  12. Basophil Produces Heparin and Histamines Important in Inflammatory Reaction 1% WBC

  13. Monocyte(larger cell, horseshoe shaped nucleus) Become macro-phages

  14. Lymphocyte(nucleus is dark and takes up almost whole cell; almost no cytoplasm seen) Defense against invaders Yield Antibodies 30% WBC

  15. Left: Lymphoctye | Right: Neutrophil

  16. Platelets (thrombocytes) Blood clots and vessel repair

  17. HEMOSTASIS The process of stopping bleeding Involves the coagulation and clotting of the blood to seal the site of damage

  18. THREE EVENTS IN HEMOSTASIS 1.  Blood Vessel Spasm Seratonin = vasoconstrictor 2.  Platelet plug formation 3.   Blood coagulation conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

  19. Hemostasis Blood Clot Formation Animated(Video) 2D animation Medivisual

  20. COAGULATION  -  the thickening of blood to form a clot  (hematoma)

  21. THROMBUS – blood clot (abnormal) EMBOLUS – when the clot moves to another place.

  22. Stages of Differentiation of Blood Cells Figure 17.9

  23. BLOOD TYPES

  24. Blood Type is Controlled by 3 Alleles 4 Possible Blood Types Alleles: A, B, O A & B are codominant O is recessive

  25. Genotypes

  26. Blood Type Antigens

  27. Blood that has antibodies on it that is not recognized by the body will be attacked by your immune system

  28. ABO Blood Groups Table 17.4

  29. Blood Typing

  30. Rh Factor A person can either be Rh + or Rh – (positive is dominant)

  31. Rh Factor and Pregnancy *Problem: When a fetus is Rh+ and the mother is Rh-, this can cause the mother’s immune system to attack the fetus. There are drugs that will suppress this reaction.

  32. The Heart

  33. The right side receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and tissues and then pumps it to the lungs to pick up oxygen and dispel carbon dioxide Its left side receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs and pumps this blood throughout the body to supply oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues The heart=a muscular double pump with 2 functions Overview

  34. Cone shaped muscle Four chambers Two atria, two ventricles Double pump – the ventricles Two circulations Systemic circuit: blood vessels that transport blood to and from all the body tissues Pulmonary circuit: blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs simplified…

  35. Heart’s position in thorax

  36. It weighs about 1 lb. Heart’s position in thorax Feel your heart beat at apex (this is of a person lying down)

  37. CXR(chest x ray) Normal male

  38. Chest x rays Lateral (male) Normal female

  39. Starting from the outside… Pericardium(see next slide) Without most of pericardial layers

  40. Muscle of the heart with inner and outer membrane coverings Muscle of heart = “myocardium” The layers from out to in: Epicardium = visceral layer of serous pericardium Myocardium = the muscle Endocardium lining the chambers Layers of the heart wall

  41. Layers of pericardium and heart wall

  42. Two atria (divided by interatrical septum) Right atrium Left atrium Two ventricles (divided by interventricular septum) Right ventricle Left ventricle Chambers of the heartsides are labeled in reference to the patient facing you --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  43. Heart Chambers Figure 18.5b

  44. Heart Chambers Figure 18.5e

  45. Inferior View of the Heart Figure 18.5d

More Related