Warm-up: January 18, 2011

1. Warm-up: January 18, 2011 • Scott and his classmates were looking at an animal cell under a microscope in order to locate the cell's DNA, which occurs on its chromosomes. Where should Scott look to locate the chromosomes? • A. in the cell nucleus • B. in the cell vacuole • C. in the cell cytoplasm • D. in the cell mitochondria

2. Essential Question: • How do the functions of organ systems interact? Today I will learn about the structure and functions of the circulatory and respiratory systems because they are responsible for maintaining homeostasis, carrying and pumping oxygen to the blood, and assist in the removal of waste from the cells.

3. Circulatory System (Cardiovascular)

4. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System • Is made up of your heart, blood, and blood vessels. • Function: helps maintain homeostasis by carrying nutrients to the cells and remove waste from the cells.

5. The Heart • The heart is an organ made mostly of cardiac muscle tissue. • Is about the size of your fist • Right side= pumps oxygen poor blood the lungs. • Left side= pumps oxygen rich blood to the body

6. Blood Vessels: • The hollow tubes that blood travels through • Three types: • Arteries-carry blood away from the heart • Capillaries-tiny vessels that make exchanges with cells • Veins- carries blood back to the heart

7. Four Corners • The Circulatory system is made up of the • A. heart, lungs, and blood vessels • B. brain, heart, and lungs. • C. heart, blood, and blood vessels. • D. Spine, brain, lungs.

8. Types of Circulation: • Pulmonary Circulation- The flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. • Systemic Circulation- The flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart.

9. Cardiovascular Problems: • Can be caused by smoking, high cholesterol, stress, physical inactivity, or heredity. • Artherosclerosis • High Blood pressure • Heart attacks and Heart failure

10. Respiratory System

11. Respiratory System • Is made up of your nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, lungs, and diaphragm. • Function: to help the body breathe and complete cellular respiration.

12. Nose, Pharynx, and Larynx • Nose: main passageway into and out of the respiratory system. • Pharynx: the passage from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus. Food and drink travel through the pharynx. • Larynx: the area of the throat that contains the vocal cords and produces vocal sounds.

13. Trachea • The tube that connects the larynx to the lungs. • This is also known as the windpipe.

14. Four Corners • Which organ is used as a passageway for food and drink? • A. nose • B. pharynx • C. larynx • D. trachea

15. Bronchi and Alveoli • Bronchus: one of the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea. • Alveoli: any of the tiny air-sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.

16. Breathing • When you breathe, air is sucked into or forced out of your lungs. • Breathing is done by the diaphragm. • Diaphragm: a dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs. When you inhales, it contracts and moves down.

17. Respiratory Disorders • Asthma causes the bronchioles to narrow which causes a person to have difficulty breathing. • Emphysema happens when the alveoli are damaged. • SARS is caused by a virus. A person may have a fever and difficulty breathing.

18. Four Corners • Three types of respiratory disorders are • A. SARS, asthma, and emphysema • B. Asthma, tendonitis, and cardiac arrest • C. Asthma, SARS, and sickle cell. • D. Leukemia, asthma, and emphysema

19. Closing • MINUTE PAPER • Discuss why the circulatory and respiratory systems are so important.