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Salmon Spawning Habitat and Sediment Impacts in Anchorage Creeks

Learn about the importance of sediment control and road crossings for salmon habitat, the impacts of fine sediments, and factors affecting salmon ecology like temperature and water velocity. Discover how sediment quality affects embryo survival and the significance of gravel augmentation projects.

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Salmon Spawning Habitat and Sediment Impacts in Anchorage Creeks

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  1. Salmon Spawning Habitat and Sediments Brad Dunker Municipal Creeks Coordinator Municipality of Anchorage Parks & Recreation

  2. Overview • Salmon ecology and behavior during in-migration and spawning • What are some impacts of fine sediments on salmon habitat • Why sediment control and road crossings are important to salmon

  3. Physical Parameters and Embryonic Development

  4. Salmon Ecology • Important factors include: • Temperature • Habitat availability • Water velocity • In-redd flows

  5. Temperature

  6. Temperature • 13-16° C= ideal temperature for fish to gain weight (in lab) • 22-25° C fish stop feeding/spawning • +25° C mortality occurs • Especially critical for juvenile salmon

  7. Habitat and Velocity • Substrate is important for embryonic and juvenile salmon survival • Provides: • UV Protection • Crushing/Vibration impacts • Cover from predation • Water Velocity is related to substrate and causes impacts on redds

  8. Redd Making

  9. Redd Attributes

  10. Habitat and Sediment • Fine sediments (% of fines) is critical to habitat quality • Reduces: • Oxygen Supply • Metabolic waste removal • Ability to stabilize temperature • Success of aelvan emergence

  11. In-gravel Flow

  12. Sediment and Embryo Survival

  13. “Good” Sediments? • Natural Gravel transport • Gravels native to that stream system that naturally flows downstream • Human Gravel transport • Gravels not native to that stream system that are placed by construction activities or restoration projects

  14. Gravel Augmentation Project

  15. Gravel information • Handling: • Typically handled around 10 times before it is placed in a culvert/streambed • Sits in yards after it is processed gaining sediments • Must meet native gravel size criteria to be effective

  16. Construction Tips • Equipment • RUBBER TIRES! • Environmentally-friendly fluids in equipment • Storage sites away from stream bank • Gravel quality and specs

  17. Thanks!

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