The Bioclimatologic Features of Turkish Spa Resorts

1. The Bioclimatologic Features of Turkish Spa Resorts Prof Dr Hatice GÜRDAL Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology Department

2. Spa treatment is performed as a complex cure system under the influence of local climato therapeutic factors, together with other comprehensive therapy methods

3. At first , each guestwho came to health resort,exposesto the climatic conditions

4. The climatic features of the health – spa resort have a great influence onhuman health and recreation.

5. Meteorological analysis and interpretation of thermo physiologically effectiveness of health spa resort climate is important

6. Thus medical doctors are able to obtain better information about the special bioclimatic features of the resorts, to agree them with the individual physiological parameters of the guest and develop a cure therapy programs

7. Turkey lies between the northern 36-42 latitudes and the eastern 26-45 longitude

8. Turkey has Subtropical Climate in Mediterranean Region

10. There are mainly 7 geographical regions

11. The Climate Varies From Region to Region • Marmara, Aegean and the Mediterranean:Typical Mediterranean climate with hot summers and mild winters • Black Sea Coast:Temperate climate with warm summers, mild winters and relatively high rainfall • Central Anatolia:Hot, dry summers and cold winters • Eastern Anatolia:Long snowy, cold winters and mild summers • South-East Anatolia:Hot summers with mild, rainy winters

13. Middle Anatolia and the Aegean region have got the most of the spas in Turkey. Marmara region follows these regions as the numberof health spa centers (82% of Turkey).

14. The description of the climatic conditions of Middle Anatolia and inland Aegean are continental, coastal Aegean and Marmara regions are maritime.

16. The Most of the Health Spa’s are at 600 - 1300 m. Altitude (50% of Turkey) • Few of them covered by forests, most of them are not . • Dominating bioclimatic features are moderately stimulating factors

17. Mild Stimulant Ankara-Beypazarı Niğde- Çiftehan Konya -Ilgın Kırşehir-Terme Health Spa Cure Centers in Middle Anatolia • Strong Stimulant • Sivas- Kangal • Yozgat -Boğazlayan • Eskişehir • Ankara- Kızılcahamam Ankara- Haymana

18. Coastal Region İzmir-Balçova İzmir- Çeşme Muğla-Köyceğiz Aydın -Kuşadası Health Spa Cure Centers in Aegean Region • Inland Region • Afyon- Oruçoğlu, İkbal, Sandıklı • Kütahya- Harlek, Yoncalı • Denizli-Pamukkale, Karahayıt

19. Coastal Region Armutlu Çanakkale-Ezine Istanbul-Tuzla Health Spa Cure Centers in Marmara Region • Inland Region • Yalova -Termal • Bursa- Askeri Hasth., Kükürtlü, Oylat • Bolu • Gönen • Adapazarı-Kuzuluk

20. ANNUAL AVERAGE PRECIPITATION OF TURKEY

21. LONG TERM MEAN TEMPERATURE OF TURKEY

24. Stimulative Bioclimatological Effects Inland Regions at Moderate Altitude in Turkey • Decreased atmospheric temperature • Decreased atmospheric humidity • Increased wind activity • Decreased sultry days • Increased night chilling • Decreased antropogenic pollution • Increased global / UV-radiation

26. Unfavorable Bioclimatologic Factors At the Middle High Mountain Region • Especially at night cold stress can be expected in summer period • There is a few sultry days in the summer period • There hasn’t been any measures about air pollutant at Spa centers

27. Altitude- The Number of the Cold Night (Under 15°C )

28. Balçova 1 Ezine 4 Kızılcaham. 5 Yalova 7 Gönen 46 Bolu 32 Oylat 22 Ayaş 20 Number of foggy days per year

29. Balçova 3000 Ezine2800 Yalova2400 Gönen2600 Bolu 2200 Oylat2400 Kızılcahamam2400 Ayaş2600 Annual Duration of Sunshine must be higher than 1500 hours (The climatic Limits for spa center by Deutscher Heilbäderverband )All of Turkish Spa centers receivemore than 1500 hrs/year

30. Beypazarı 628 m. 10-15 days/year Ayaş 720 m. 1-2 days/year Eskişehir 801 m. none Kırşehir 985 m. 1-2 days/year Kızılcaha. 1002 m. none Ilgın 1030 m. none Haymana 1225 m. none Nevşehir 1260 m. none Sivas 1285 m. none Kangal 1545 m. none The Number of Sultry Days Per Year

31. 0 – 500 m 500 – 1000 m 1000 – 1500 m > 1500 m 10-15 sultry days 5-10 sultry days a few sultry days none sultry days Sultry Days at Continental Climate ( inland )of Turkey

32. Fethiye - Gebeler İzmir - Balçova İzmir - Çeşme Çanakkale - Ezine Yalova - Armutlu İstanbul - Tuzla Sultry Days in Summer Period are Mostly in South West Regions ( Teq>56.0ºC )

34. İzmir - Çeşme 1 Tuzla- İstanbul5-15 İzmir - Balçova 60 Gönen37 Ezine90 Bursa- Çekirge220 Yalova Termal105 Denizli-Sarayköy169 Coastal /Marine climate Coastal /Marine climate Seashore urban climate Plate with low altitude Coastal / Marine climate Urban climate Valley /Forest climate Valley Turkish Spa Centerat Low Altitude(m)

35. Bolu750 Oylat-İnegöl840 Kızılcahamam975 Ankara-Ayaş 720 Niğde-Çiftehan1200 Konya-Ilgın1027 Forest climate Forest climate Forest climate Forest climate Plateau climate Plate at high altitude Turkish Spa Centers at Middle High Altitude (m)

36. Erzurum1690 Sivas-Kangal1600 Ağrı-Diyadin1500 Yozgat1350 Haymana1300 Niğde-Çiftehan1200 Kütahya-Harlek1050 Mountain climate Mountain climate Mountain climate Mountain climate Plateau climate Plateau climate Plateau climate Turkish Spa Centerat High Altitude(m)

37. Thank you for your attention !