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Bill Bromer K. Rebecca Thomas Marsha Timmerman Linda Weinland

Trees from the Seas: Investigating Phylogeny Using Dinoflagellates. Bill Bromer K. Rebecca Thomas Marsha Timmerman Linda Weinland.

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Bill Bromer K. Rebecca Thomas Marsha Timmerman Linda Weinland

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  1. Trees from the Seas:Investigating Phylogeny Using Dinoflagellates Bill Bromer K. Rebecca Thomas Marsha Timmerman Linda Weinland

  2. As Lars and Sven set sail on their fishing boat, they noticed that the seas had finally calmed. After a day of trawling, they discovered that 30% of the fish were dead and had massive skin lesions. Lars immediately called the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to alert them that there was a problem with the catch. Maria-Jose, the director of marine fisheries at the DNR, asked Lars whether he or Sven had experienced any of the symptoms associated with red tide.

  3. What is this part of the case about?

  4. Red Tide

  5. Dinoflagellates

  6. Toxins brevetoxin ciguatoxin saxitoxin yessotoxin

  7. The DNR informed Lars and Sven that they needed to destroy all the fish in their catch. This was the third time in two years that they had received such an order. Frustrated, Lars and Sven contacted START (Solutions to Avoid Red Tide, Inc.), a non-profit organization committed to reducing the environmental, economic, social, and public health impacts of future red tides. Clarissa, one of the founders of START, commented to her laboratory supervisor, “We need to help these guys. Let’s collect some samples and run them through the phylogenetic analysis process that we developed last year. Maybe that will help us pinpoint the source of the problem.”

  8. What is this part of the case about?

  9. Marsha…

  10. Student Outcomes • Build a simple phylognetic tree • Analyze different phylogenetic trees • Test hypotheses of character evolution within the context of a phylogentic diagram

  11. Resources • Anderson, DM. 2007. The Harmful Algae Page, http://www.whoi.edu/redtide/ Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. • Anderson, DM. 2007. Human illness associated with harmful algae. http://www.whoi.edu/redtide/illness/illness.html Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. • Brevetoxin B http://www.ncl.ox.ac.uk/quicktime/brevetoxin.html • Burkholder, JM; Glasgow, HB; Deamer-Melia, NJ; Springer, J; Parrow, MW; Zhang, C; and Cancellieri PJ. 2001. Species of the toxic Pfiesteria complex, and the importance of functional type in data interpretation. Environmental Health Perspectives 109:667-679. • Clamp, M.; Cuff, J.; Searle, SM; and Barton, GJ. 2004. The Jalview Java Alignment Editor. Bioinformatics 20:426-7 • Images • www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/.../cell_covering.html • www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artsep01/dinof.html • www.mdsg.umd.edu/MarineNotes/Jul-Aug97/side1.html • www.serc.si.edu/.../dinoflagellates/gsang.jsp • chbr.noaa.gov/pmn/resfspfiesteria.htm • www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/dinoflagmm.html • www.lifeinfreshwater.org.uk/.../Pollution.htm • www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/.../Biotoxins/PSP_e.htm • daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/.../12_classics_blooms.shtml • European Bioinformatics Institute http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ • EBI Tools: ClustalW http://www.ebi.ac.uk/clustalw/ • Faust, MA and Gulledge RA. 2002. Identifying Harmful Marine Dinoflagellates, http://www.nmnh.si.edu/botany/projects/dinoflag/index.htm Smithsonian Institution • Fish and Wildlife Research Institute. Regional red tide summaries and status reports http://research.myfwc.com/features/view_article.asp?id=9670 • GenBank http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/ • Hackett, JD; Anderson, DM; Erdner, DL; and Bhattacharya, D. 2004. Dinoflagellates: A remarkable evolutionary experiment. Am J Bot 91:1523-34. • Jalview A Multialignment Editor http://www.jalview.org/

  12. Acknowledgements We wish to thank the entire BioQUEST staff and all our colleagues for the help, inspiration, motivation - and laughs.

  13. “all ignorance toboggans into knowand trudges up to ignorance again...” - e.e. cummings

  14. Table of Dinoflagellate Characteristics

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