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Engineering Drawing & Design: Language, Tools, & Standards

Learn about the language of engineering graphics, drawing methods, tools, and standards. From freehand sketching to computer-aided design, understand the importance of visualization, problem identification, geometric modeling, and documentation in the design process.

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Engineering Drawing & Design: Language, Tools, & Standards

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  1. Chapter 1 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  2. Overview of an Engineering Drawing Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  3. Graphics language Engineering drawing Projection methods Orthographic projection Drawing standards TOPICS Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  4. Traditional Drawing Tools Lettering Freehand Sketching TOPICS Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  5. GRAPHICS LANGUAGE

  6. Effectiveness of Graphics Language 1. Try to write a description of this object. 2. Test your written description by having someone attempt to make a sketch from your description. You can easily understand that … The word languages are inadequate for describing the size, shape and featurescompletely as well as concisely. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  7. The language is known as “drawing” or “drafting” . A drawing can be done using freehand, instrumentsor computermethods. Composition of Graphic Language Graphic languagein “engineering application” use linesto represent the surfaces, edges and contoursof objects. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  8. Example Freehand drawing The lines are sketched without using instruments other than pencils and erasers. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  9. Example Instrument drawing Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are usually made to scale. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  10. Example Computer drawing The drawings are usually made by commercial software such as AutoCAD, solid works etc. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  11. Engineering Drawing

  12. Engineering DrawingIn Design Process Visualization is the ability to mentally picture things that do not exist Problem identification & exploration of ideas Visualize Draw , design and record initial ideas Communication the design solution should be communicated to others without ambiguity Sketches Created from sketches used or analysis Geometric model Refine, optimize & record the precise data for production process or implementation Documentation permanent record of the solution Detail drawings & 3D model Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  13. Engineering DrawingIn Design Process Problem Definition Visualize Exploration of Ideas Design Sketches Geometric model Analysis Refinement and Optimization Detail drawings & 3D model Implementation Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  14. Engineering DrawingIn Design Process Problem Definition Visualize Exploration of Ideas Design Sketches Geometric model Analysis Refinement and Optimization Detail drawings & 3D model Implementation Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  15. Engineering DrawingIn Design Process Problem Definition Visualize Exploration of Ideas Design Sketches Geometric model Analysis Refinement and Optimization Detail drawings & 3D model Implementation Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  16. Engineering DrawingIn Design Process Problem Definition Visualize Exploration of Ideas Design Sketches Geometric model Analysis Refinement and Optimization Detail drawings & 3D model Implementation Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  17. Engineering DrawingIn Design Process Problem Definition Visualize Exploration of Ideas Design Sketches Geometric model Analysis Refinement and Optimization Detail drawings & 3D model Implementation Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  18. Engineering DrawingIn Design Process Problem Definition Visualize Exploration of Ideas Design Sketches Geometric model Analysis Refinement and Optimization Detail drawings & 3D model Implementation Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  19. Graphics language Describe a shape(mainly). Word language Describe size, location andspecification of the object. Elements of Engineering Drawing Engineering drawing are made up of graphics language and word language. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  20. Geometric construction Line types Projection method Lettering Basic Knowledge for Drafting Word language Graphics language Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  21. Drawing Standard

  22. Drawing standards are used so that drawings convey the same meaning to everyone who reads them. Introduction Standards are set of rules that govern how technicaldrawings are represented. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  23. Full name Country Code USA American National Standard Institute ANSI TS Turkish Standard Turkey Japanese Industrial Standard Japan JIS British Standard UK BS Australian Standard Australia AS Deutsches Institut fürNormung Germany DIN International Standards Organization ISO Standard Code Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  24. Contents Code number Partial List of Drawing Standards มอก. 210 2520 วิธีเขียนแบบทั่วไป : ทางเครื่องกล มอก. 440 ล.1 2541การเขียนแบบก่อสร้างเล่ม 1 ทั่วไป มอก. 446 ล.4 2532 ข้อแนะนำสำหรับการเขียนแผนภาพ วงจรไฟฟ้า มอก. 1473 2540การเขียนแบบเทคนิค การติดตั้ง สัญลักษณ์สำหรับระบบท่อของเหลว ระบบทำความร้อน การระบายอากาศ และระบบท่ออากาศ ที่มา : http://library.tisi.go.th/data/lib_resources/pdf/catalog-online49/tis/02_ICS.pdf Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  25. Contents Code number Partial List of Drawing Standards JIS Z 8311 Sizes and Format of Drawings JIS Z 8312 Line Conventions JIS Z 8313 Lettering JIS Z 8314 Scales JIS Z 8315 Projection methods JIS Z 8316 Presentation of Views and Sections JIS Z 8317 Dimensioning Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  26. Drawing Sheet A4 Trimmed paper of a size A0 ~ A4. A3 Standard sheet size(ISO) A4 210 x 297 A3 297 x 420 A2 420 x 594 A1 594 x 841 A0 841 x 1189 A2 A1 (Dimensions in millimeters) A0 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  27. Orientation of drawing sheet c d d c c Sheet size c (min) d (min) A4 10 25 A3 10 25 A2 10 25 A1 20 25 A0 20 25 1. Type X (A0~A4) 2. Type Y (A4 only) Drawing space Drawing space Border lines Title block Title block Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  28. : Drawing Scales Length, size Scaleis the ratio of the linear dimension of an element of an object shown in the drawing to the real linear dimension of the same element of the object. Size in drawing Actual size Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  29. Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE” followed by the indication of its ratio, as follow Dimension numbers shown in the drawing are correspond to “true size” of the object and they are independent of the scale used in creating that drawing. Drawing Scales SCALE 1:1 for full size SCALE X:1 for enlargement scales (X > 1) SCALE 1:X for reduction scales (X > 1) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  30. Continuous thick line Visible line Dimension line Extension line Leader line Continuous thin line Dash thick line Hidden line Chain thin line Center line Basic Line Types Name according to application Types of Lines Appearance NOTE : We will learn other types of line in later chapters. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  31. Basic Line Types Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  32. Meaning of Lines Visible lines represent features that can be seen in the current view Hidden lines represent features that can not be seen in the current view Center linerepresents symmetry, path of motion, centers of circles, axis of axisymmetrical parts Dimension and Extension linesindicate the sizes and location of features on a drawing Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  33. Example : Line conventions in engineering drawing Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  34. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEF Lettering ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEF Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  35. To communicate nongraphic information. As a substitute for graphic information, in those instance where text can communicate the needed information more clearly and quickly. - shape - space between letters and words Legibility - size- line thickness Uniformity Text on Drawings Text on engineering drawing is used : Thus, it must be written with Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  36. Dimension & Notes Title Block Notes Example Placement of the text on drawing Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  37. Use only a vertical Gothic text style. Use a Gothic text style, either inclined or vertical. Use both capital and lower-case letters. Use all capital letters. Use 3 mm for most text height. Same. For letters in title block it is recommend to use 5~8 mm text height Space between lines of text is at least 1/3 of text height. N/A.Follows ANSI rule. Lettering Standard ANSI Standard This course Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  38. Basic Strokes Straight Slanted Horizontal Curved Examples : Application of basic stroke 4 5 1 “I” letter “A” letter “B” letter 1 2 1 6 3 3 2 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  39. Suggested Strokes Sequence Upper-case letters & Numerals Straight line letters Curved line letters Curved line letters & Numerals Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  40. Suggested Strokes Sequence Lower-case letters The text’ s body height is about 2/3 the height of a capitalletter. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  41. Stroke Sequence T F L I E H Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  42. Stroke Sequence V X W Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  43. Stroke Sequence Z M K N 4 Y A Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  44. Stroke Sequence G Q C O Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  45. Stroke Sequence U P B D R J 1 2 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  46. Stroke Sequence 7 5 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  47. Stroke Sequence 6 0 3 S 8 9 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  48. Stroke Sequence i l Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  49. Stroke Sequence w x k v z Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

  50. Stroke Sequence y f t j r Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem ATMACA Gaziantep University

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