Biodiesel Competence and Development Review: Tanzanian Perspective

1. Biodiesel Competence and Development Review: Tanzanian Perspective Michael Martin Linköping University Environmental Technology and Management

2. Karibu Välkommen Welcome

3. Overview for the Session 13:30-14:00 Part I: My Research Project 14:00-14:45 Part II: Presentations • Ageratec AB in Africa now and planned 15:30-16:30 Part III: Focus Group Interview/Discussion 16:30-17:00 Part IV: Conclusions and Possible Partnerships

4. Thank You for Attending

5. Part I My Research

6. Biodiesel for Tanzania:Research Project Michael Martin Linköping University Environmental Technology and Management

7. Partners/Sponsors Biodiesel Machine and Technology Producer/Supplier Nutek- Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth Linköping University- Division of Environmental Management and Technology

8. Linköping University, Sweden IEI-Department of Management and Engineering • Division Environmental Technology and Management Research Areas • Biofuels • Synergies and Symbiosis Options • Large vs. Small Scale • Biogas Innovations and Development, Östergötland • Sustainable Energy • Eco-Design/Product Development • Life Cycle Analysis and EIA • Sustainable Cities and Communities

9. Research Project Production • Ageratec AB, Norrköping • Possible Customers • Guide for Conducting Business in Dev. Countries • Tanzanian Perspective on Biodiesel • Linköping University • Theoretical Research • Barriers/Incentives for Implementation • Colonialism in Africa? • Is Jatropha the answer? • Initiatives Needed, Review of Biofuels Task Force • Export vs. Local Use • HYBRID SYSTEMS

10. Purpose of ‘exploratory’ research • PhD Research • Focus on Developing Countries • Hybrid Systems • Large vs. Small Scale Production • Masters Projects at Department • Course in Biofuels • Commence Collaboration with UDSM, Kakute, Engineers w/o Borders, Linköping Univ.

11. “You can’t solve the problems with the same kind of thinking that created the problems” -Albert Einstein- Relevant Option at Present: Alleviation from Biofuels…

12. Research Overview • Actors Search • Dependent Actors (Need Biodiesel, Can use Biodiesel) • Transport Sector • Mining • Independent Actors (Can Produce Biodiesel, Use Biodiesel) • Agricultural Actors • Farm Co-ops • Villages • Biofuels Actors (Developing Biodiesel and Research) • Development Cooperation Actors • Government Sponsored Agricultural Programs • Research Institutes • Infrastructure Overview • Case Study • Synergies, Possibilities • Suggestions, Actors, Purchasers

13. Actors Search • Generate Interest in Biodiesel use and production • Study and Assesment • Conditions and Obstacles • Attitudes and Risks • Economic Incentives • Local vs. Export • Organization • Core Business Concerns • Other Experiences • Produce Possible Purchasers

14. Infrastructure Overview • Past Experiences Implementing Biodiesel • Other Developing Countries • Experiences in Africa • Raw Materials Flow • Which Raw Materials? • Jatropha, Cotton, Cashew, Peanut, etc. • Problems with raw materials? • Incur much time? (Case of Jatropha) • Where to get the raw materials? • Case Study • Most relevant options (Safari, Mining, Restaurants, Fisheries) • Safari Co-op for biodiesel production/use • Mining Sector purchase and use

15. Conducting the Research • Contact through Emails and Phone Interviews • Questionnaire for Actors • Study Visits – Tanzania Visit • Jatropha Actors • University Researchers • Biofuels Actors • Seminar • Matrix- Overview Attitudes, Drivers and Barriers for Biodiesel

16. Research So Far… • Matrix of Actors • General Involvement • Opinions • Intentions • Fuel Consumption Patterns • Safari Vehicles • Restaurants • Hybrid System Reviews • Church Organization • Assessment of Jatropha Plantations • Diligent Tanzania • Kakute • D1 • Sun Biofuels

17. The Answer = Jatropha? • Not much research on JATROPHA • Insect resistant? • No nutrients = No Fruit = No Oil • Economical? Who will pick jatropha?

18. Small vs. Large Scale Large Scale • SEKAB, Sweden • Jatropha Crops for Export • Trust of Farmers • Who will pick • Value Chains… Small Scale • Hybrid Systems • Islands (i.e Zanzibar) • Villages

19. Why Focus Group? • Limited time while in Dar es Salaam • Great overview from many actors • Means to identify problems, constraints, costs and benefits and to stimulate creative thinking for potential solutions and cooperation • Involve new audiences and unite people • Quick feedback • Find a general view of biodiesel production

20. Continued work with Tanzania • Come back for follow ups • Developing Countries KEY • Hybrid Systems for Villages • Collaboration with UDSM and KAKUTE

21. Questions or comments?

23. Part II Business Presentations

24. Ageratec AB – Biodiesel Solutionswww.ageratec.com Michael Martin Linköping University Environmental Technology and Management

25. Overview • Ageratec Company and Machines • Brief History • Process Machines • How it works • Processor Selection Overview • Raw Materials • Current Production/Machines in Africa • Benefits/Drawbacks

26. Ageratec History • Family business in Norrköping, Sweden • Started development in 1996 • First processor in 1998 • First delivery in 2003 • Resellers in 17 countries • 50 employees

27. Inputs and Products Example Transesterification, oils with 1% FFA Inputs: • Raw material • Methanol/Ethanol • Catalyst, 1% • Refining agent, 0,3% • Energy 60 W/liter Products: • Biodiesel, 97-99% • Glycerol, 16-18% • No process water Crude Palm Oil Biodiesel

28. Raw Materials • Canola Oil • Used Cooking Oil • Fish Oil • Sunflower Oil • Soy Oil • Coconut Oil • Jatropha Oil • Animal Fats • Palm Oil • Algae Oil

29. Ageratec Biodiesel System

30. Process Benefits • Batch or Semi-Continuous Production • 1 Step Esterification + 1 Step Trans-Esterification • Flexible Rawmaterials • Water free technology • Low investment cost in capital and infrastructure • Machines are built to grow and can be linked

31. Installation and Requirements • Installed on site by an Ageratec engineer • Recipes for most types of raw materials are available • All process equipment installed on skid • Minimal requirements: concrete floor, tanks and weather protection Touch screen operation

32. Ageratec turn key solutions From seed oil to biodiesel including: • Presses • Oil cleaning • Tank control • Fully automated • Laboratory • Full traceability • Online support

33. Where in Africa • Ivory Coast • Zambia • Malawi • Cameroon • Mali • Mozambique • Rwanda • Tanzania?

34. Zambian Example • Produce Biodiesel for Zambian Market • Increase local employment • Outgrower Schemes • Own Plantations www.ovalbiofuels.com

35. Other African Countries Ivory Coast – Palm Oil Cameroon – Coconut Oil Mali – Palm & Cotton Oil Malawi – Cotton & Jatropha Mozambique – Jatropha Rwanda - ?? Tanzania - ??

36. The Process Machines Range in Output From 1000 Litres to >36,000 Litres

37. P1000-2000 • Capacity 2000 liters/24h • Can be containerized • Need 17kW of electrical power • Energy consumption 65W/litre • Ready to produce upon arrival • Fits into one 20 foot container Containerized P2000 portable production.

38. P3000 Batch size of 2500 litres 1 operator/8hours Need 17kW of maximum power Energy consumption 65W/litre Needs 8 hour of installation and commissioning Fit into one 40 feet container Mr Wahl, Canola oil, Germany Also, P5000 & P8000

39. P16000 P16000 Transport Y Martinez, Spain Batch size of 8000 liters 2 batches/day 1 operator/ shift Need 55kW maximum electrical power Energy consumption 59Wh/litre Needs 14 days for erection and commissioning Needs three 40 foot containers for transport

40. P24000 P24000 SV Obeli Lithuania Batch size of 12000 liters, 2 batches/day 1 operator/ shifts Need 85kW maximum electrical power Energy consumption 59Wh/l Needs 14 days of installation and commissioning on site Needs four 40 foot containers for transport

41. Multi-link system • 1-2 operators/shift up to 6 processors • Possibility to process different raw materials simultaneously • Grow capacity with business 2 * 16000 liters/24h Arvi Sucrus, Lithuania

42. Conclusions • Flexible System • Mininmal Energy Input • Can be tailored to specified needs and inputs • Delivered and installed • Aim to work with Tanzania!

43. Thank You For More information contact: Kajsa Funkesson Quality Manager Ageratec AB Kajsa.funkesson@ageratec.com www.ageratec.com

45. Part III Focus Group Interview and Discussion

46. Focus Group Interview Session Michael Martin Linköping University Environmental Technology and Management

47. Question/Discussion 1: In what stage do you currently see Tanzania’s biofuel market?

48. Question/Discussion 2: What do you see as the barriers toward biodiesel (biofuel) implementation in Tanzania?

49. Question/Discussion 3: What incentives and legislation need to be in place to allow Tanzania to come into biofuels development?

50. Question/Discussion 4: Which raw materials offer the most promise?