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Causes of WWI: “MAIN”

Causes of WWI: “MAIN”. Militarism. Alliances. Imperialism. Nat’lism. “MAIN”. Long term causes: Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nat’lism. M: Militarism or Arms Race. Armies and navies were greatly expanded FR & DE - armies 2x in size

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Causes of WWI: “MAIN”

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  1. Causes of WWI: “MAIN”

  2. Militarism

  3. Alliances

  4. Imperialism

  5. Nat’lism

  6. “MAIN” • Long term causes: • Militarism • Alliances • Imperialism • Nat’lism

  7. M: Militarism or Arms Race • Armies and navies were greatly expanded • FR & DE - armies 2x in size • Naval expansion competitive - especially btwn DE and GB • British Dreadnought • Conscription = military draft • Ex. GB & US

  8. M: Militarism • Plans for mobilization • Ex. Schlieffen Plan • German Chief of Staff Alfred von Schlieffen • 2 front war scenario • Outlined a plan to conquer FR w/in 5 wks b4 RU could effectively mobilize for war on the E. Front (estimated at 6 wks)

  9. A: Alliances • The forming of alliances between European countries • Three Emperors League - DE, AH, RU • Dual Alliance after RU backed out • The Triple Alliance - DE, AH, IT • The Triple Entente – FR, GB, RU

  10. A: Alliances Continued • Secret Franco-Italian Alliance • IT neutral if DE attacked FR • Triple Alliance meaningless now • 1887-1890 Reinsurance Treaty – DE & RU • If FR v. DE • If RU v. AH • Franco Russian Agreements

  11. A: Alliances Continued • Entente Cordiale – GB & FR • Triple Entente with RU • Not militarily binding, but a “moral obligation” • Treaty of London 1839 • Committed GB to defend BE neutrality • RU pledge to protect Serbia

  12. I: Imperialism • GB, DE, FR needed foreign markets after the increase in manufacturing caused by the Industrial Rev. • These countries competed for econ expansion

  13. N: Nat’lism • Different ethnic groups struggling for independence and unification • Ex. Serbia thought Bosnia should be under their control as opposed to AH since Serbs + Bosnians are both Slavic • Bismarck built a DE Empire • FR wanted Alsace-Lorraine back from DE

  14. Short term causes • June 28, 1914 • Archduke Francis Ferdinand • Heir to AH throne • Assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia by Serbian nationalists • Black Hand • AH convinced that Serbian gov’t had conspired against them

  15. Aftermath of Assassination • DE pledged full support aka “Blank Check” to AH • FR strengthened backing of RU • AH made impossible demands  Serbia

  16. Declaration of War • July 28 AH declared war on Serbia • July 29 RU ordered a partial mobilization only against AH • August 1 DE declared war on RU • August 3 DE declared war on FR • DE invasion of Belgium to attack FR prompted GB to declare war on DE

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