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Chapter 19 – Respiratory System

Chapter 19 – Respiratory System. Pharynx and Larynx. Pharynx. Throat Located posterior to oral cavity, between the nasal cavity and the larynx Has 3 divisions nasopharynx , oropharynxx , and laryngopharynx . Pharynx. Functions:

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Chapter 19 – Respiratory System

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  1. Chapter 19 – Respiratory System Pharynx and Larynx

  2. Pharynx • Throat • Located posterior to oral cavity, between the nasal cavity and the larynx • Has 3 divisions • nasopharynx, oropharynxx, and laryngopharynx

  3. Pharynx • Functions: • Serves as a passageway for food moving from the oral cavity to the esophagus • Serves as a passageway for air passing between the nasal cavity and the larynx • Aids in producing sounds for speech

  4. Larynx • Enlargement of the airway between the trachea and the pharynx

  5. Larynx • Functions • Serves as a passageway for air moving into and out of the trachea • Prevents foreign objects from entering the trachea • Houses the vocal cords

  6. Larynx • Structure • Composed of muscles and cartilages that are bound by elastic tissue • Single cartilages (largest): • Thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottic cartilages • Paired cartilages: • Arytentoid, corniculate, and cuneiform cartilages

  7. Larynx • Structure • Thyroid cartilage • Lower portion is covered by the thyroid gland • Commonly called the Adam’s apple • Is more prominent in males due to differences in hormones

  8. Larynx • Structure • Cricoid cartilage • Inferior to the thyroid cartilage • Marks the lowest portion of the larynx

  9. Larynx • Structure • Epiglottic cartilage • Attached to the upper border of the thyroid cartilage • Supports the epiglottis

  10. Larynx • Structure • Arytenoid cartilages • Superior to and on either side of the cricoid cartilage

  11. Larynx • Structure • Corniculate cartilages • Attached to the tips of the arytenoid cartilages • Serve as attachments for muscles that help regulate tension on the vocal cords during speech and aid in closing the larynx during swallowing

  12. Larynx • Structure • Cuneiform cartilages • Located in the mucous membrane between the epiglottic and arytenoid cartilages • Stiffen soft tissues

  13. Larynx • Structure • False vocal cords (vestibular folds) • Horizontal folds of muscle and connective tissue covered by mucous membrane that extend inward from the lateral walls of the larynx • Help to close the larynx during swallowing • During swallowing, muscles close the triangular shaped opening (called the glottis) between the vocal cords

  14. Larynx • Structure • True vocal cords • Horizontal folds of muscle and connective tissue covered by mucous membrane that extend inward from the lateral walls of the larynx • Located below the false vocal cords • Contain elastic fibers that vibrate from side to side when air is forced between the folds • The vibration produces sound waves that can be formed into words through changes in shape and position of the pharynx, oral cavity, tongue, and lips

  15. Larynx • Structure • True vocal cords • Pitch (musical tone) • Controlled by the amount of tension placed on the vocal cords by laryngeal muscles (ncreased tension causes higher pitch) • Intensity (loudness) • Depends on the force of the air passing over the vocal cords (stronger force creates greater vibrations and louder voice)

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