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Its seeds, cocoa beans , are used to make cocoa mass , cocoa powder , and chocolate .

Theobroma cacao also cacao tree and cocoa tree , is a small (13–26 ft tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae , [1] native to the deep tropical regions of Central and South America. Its seeds, cocoa beans , are used to make cocoa mass , cocoa powder , and chocolate .

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Its seeds, cocoa beans , are used to make cocoa mass , cocoa powder , and chocolate .

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  1. Theobroma cacao also cacao tree and cocoa tree, is a small (13–26 ft tall) evergreentree in the family Malvaceae,[1] native to the deep tropical regions of Central and South America. Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make cocoa mass, cocoa powder, and chocolate.

  2. Millets are a group of highly variable small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cerealcrops or grains for both human food

  3. French & Indian War Fought to decide which of Britain or France would become the stronger power in North America (began with conflicts over LAND) **Both sides relied on colonists and Native American allies to fight. • Ended with Treaty of Paris (1763) • Britain got Canada, Florida (from Spain), lands east of Miss. River • Left Britain with LOTS OF DEBT...tax colonists!!

  4. Mexican –American War 1846-1848- over land borders (Ca and Tx mostly) • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • U.S. gains land…much of Ca, Nevada, N.Mexico and Texas • Mexico/US border relocated (Rio Grande River) • Revived dispute bw slave and free states in West

  5. CIVIL WAR (1861-1865) CAUSES: • Wilmot Proviso • Election of 1848 • Compromise of 1850: D.Webster and H.Clay propose admit Ca as free state • Fugitive Slave Law – illegal to aid runaway slaves • Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) – said popular sovereignty would determine slave/free => basically Missouri Compromise (1820, had banned slavery north of 360 30’ parallel)

  6. CIVIL WAR causes cont’d and WAR • Bleeding Kansas – slave owners and abolitionists fought bitterly about Kansas being free or slave state • John Brown’s Raid at Harper’s Ferry (1859) – armed slaves started a revolt (Brown was defeated and executed) • Election of 1860 – Lincoln elected, South ANGRY • 1861: Southern states SECEDE and form the Confederacy • FIRST BATTLE – Fort Sumter (1861) • TURNING POINTS in war– Gettysburg & Vicksburg battles • 1865: G.Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse

  7. Bill of Rights

  8. Court Cases *Marbury v. Madison – 1803, judical review gives j.branch more power (first time used!) *McCulloch v. Maryland – 1819, Congress ALLOWED to charter a Nat’l Bank and Federal priority granted over State *Gibbons v. Ogden – 1824, congress ability to regulate interstate commerce and reinforces Federal priority over State *Dred Scott v. Sandford– 1857, denied slaves citizenship and overturned Missouri Compromise

  9. Reconstruction 1865-1877 • Process of readmitting the former Confederate states to the Union. • 13th amendment ends slavery! (1865) • 15th amendment gives African American males right to vote (1869)

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