By IWMI

1. Irrigated agriculture Areas of research for development By IWMI

2. Research areas • Participatory rapid diagnosis and action planning (PRDA) • Water productivity and water use efficiency • Market-oriented cropping systems and livestock integration • Comparative institutional analysis – WUAs • Value chains analysis

3. 1. PRDA Why To test a method / tool for demand-led extension service Activities (action research – extension approach) • Action training of extension staffs • Participatory performance assessment – comparison – constraints characterization • Constraints identification and characterization • Design and implementation of interventions • M & E of interventions – CBA Output Extension staffs trained to PRDA and more aware of factors influencing irrigation performance / PRDA manual Outcome Increased capacity of extension services, dissemination of PRDA

4. 2. Water productivity & water use efficiency Why How good/bad is WP ? How to increase WP for crops and livestock? Diagnosis research • Assessment of WP, comparison across irrigated areas Action research • Design and test water conservation and water allocation interventions • M&E, CBA. Outputs • Better knowledge on WP, constraints and opportunities • Interventions to increase WP are validated / discarded Outcomes : documentation and dissemination of outputs

5. 2. Water productivity & water use efficiency Examples of action-research activities Water conservation • Maintenance, upgrading of canals (reduce conveyance losses) • Modernization: water control and partition structures, • On-farm water management, drip & sprinkler irrigation • Use of crop residues for livestock • On-farm water storage + pumps • Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater + pumps Water allocation • Irrigation scheduling – equity issues • Introduction of fodder – livestock integration • Water management at watershed level • Multiple use of water

6. 3. Market-oriented cropping systems & crops / livestock integration Why How to improve farmers technologies and practices to better respond to market taking into account agronomic and environmental constraints & opportunities? Activities (action – research) • Assessment of constraints/opportunities of market-oriented • Test promising improved practices and technologies • M&E – CBA Outputs • Improved technologies & practices tested and validated • Leaflets, manuals Outcomes Dissemination within and beyond LIVES zones

7. 3. Market-oriented cropping systems & crops / livestock integration Examples of research-action activities • Diversification and specialization, staggered planting : market opportunities and mitigation strategy • Test of new varieties • Leguminous and forage: relay cropping, intercropping • Organic fertilization, timing and quantity of fertilizers application • Planting hays, insect traps, pheromones ? Biological control ? • Timing and quantity of pesticides application • On-farm or group-based production of insecticides • Equipments for grading (potato, tomato) • Equipments for weeding

8. 4. Comparative analysis of institutions - WUAs Why Which type(s) organization are best suited for irrigation and watershed management and recover irrigation cost? Activities (action research) • Review of international experience WUAs & IMT • Comparative assessment of challenges and achievements • Design, test and support to organizational innovations • M&E: social, technical, financial sustainability Outputs • Policy guidelines for establishment and operation of WUAs • Guidelines for monitoring and CB of WUAs, plan interventions • Guidelines on cost recovery; capacity & willingness to pay Outcomes Dissemination and use of guidelines

9. 4. Comparative analysis of institutions - WUAs Examples of diagnosis and research action-activities • Membership issues (compulsory vs voluntary, criteria, rate) • Linkagesof WUAs withcoops or marketing groups • Water rights and negotiation process • By-laws, internal rules and regulations; enforcement • Conflict resolution mechanisms • Mechanisms for assessing and collection the ISF • Cost recovery issues and farmers’ capacity to pay • Farmers’ willingness to pay • Effectiveness of water distribution and maintenance work • Budgeting, book keeping, record keeping

10. 5. Value chains analysis Why How does value chains of fruits and vegetables look like? How the value is added and shared along the VC links ? What are the rules and procedures, behaviors, level of information of VC actors? Activities (action and impact research) Mapping VCs of selected commodities beginning of project Create linkages, strengthening coop and marketing groups Mapping VCs at the end of project Outcomes Comparative assessments of VCs Impact assessment of LIVES interventions Outputs: dissemination of lessons learnt

11. 6. Impact assessment Why To measure impacts of LIVES interventions Activities (impact research • Collect complementary / specific baseline data • Participatory impact assessment and measure impacts against indicators Outcomes Impact assessment of LIVES interventions Policy recommendations Outputs Dissemination of lessons learnt.

12. Commodities by zones

13. Thank you