California Regional PM10/PM2.5 Air Quality Study: Update

1. California Regional PM10/PM2.5 Air Quality Study: Update March 17, 1999 Air & Waste Management Association Conference

2. Motivation for Study • SJV currently violates both the 24-hour and annual standards for PM10 and PM2.5 • Exceedances occur at both rural and urban sites • Exceedances of the PM10 and PM2.5 standards can occur at any time of year, but are most common during the fall and winter months

3. Study Objectives • Provide an improved understanding of the nature and causes of high particulate matter concentrations in Central California • Develop tools useful to decision-makers in evaluating alternative control strategies • Understand linkages between particulate matter and other pollutants

4. Key Questions To Be Addressed • What are the specific sources which are contributing to PM exceedances? • Are exceedances local or regional in nature, or a combination of both? • Which PM components should controls be focused on? • Will the same strategies be effective for both the annual and the 24-hour standards?

5. Study Sponsors • Federal GovernmentEPA, DOD, USDA, DOT, DOI, DOE • State Government ARB, CEC • Local Government SJVUAPCD, Counties, Cities, BAAQMD • Private Sector Oil, Utilities, Agriculture

6. Study Funding Breakdown

7. Study Components Planning 1995 Integrated Monitoring Study Field Studies Modeling & Analysis

8. Planning Work Elements Work Element Completion • Scoping Study 1993 • Historical Data Analysis 1997 • Historical Modeling 1997 • Technical Support Studies 1998 • Preliminary Field Program 1998 • Protocol Documents 1998 • USDA Research ongoing

9. 1995 Integrated Monitoring Study • Preliminary field monitoring program conducted during the fall and winter of 1995/1996 • Focused on the central and southern San Joaquin Valley • Designed to provide both information to better plan future field monitoring and interim products

10. 1995 Integrated Monitoring Study Fall Monitoring Domain

12. 1995 Integrated Monitoring Study Winter Monitoring Domain

17. Other Hardwood Smoke Softwood Smoke Meat Cooking NG Combustion Diesel Vehicles Gasoline Vehicles

18. Study Design Principles • PM10 is driven by PM2.5 in the winter; solving the wintertime PM2.5 problem will also solve the wintertime PM10 problem • PM10 is driven by both the PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 fraction in the fall. Both fractions will need to be addressed • PM2.5 standards are most likely to be exceeded in Fresno and Bakersfield • Detailed understanding of one or two urban areas can be translated to other urban areas.

19. Study Design Principles Cont. • PM10 standards are most likely to be exceeded in the central and southern SJV • Primary PM2.5 contributions derive mostly from the urban area in which they were generated • Secondary PM2.5 contributions result from regional-scale transport and mixing • More detailed and complete aerosol chemistry at a small number of sites is preferred over less detailed measurements at more sites.

20. Field Program Schedule Annual Field Monitoring 12/1/99 - 1/31/01 Fall Episodic Monitoring 9/1/00 - 10/31/00 Winter Episodic Monitoring 12/1/00 - 1/31/01

21. PM2.5 mass, chemical, and light scattering measurements at backbone, anchor, and satellite sites

22. Upper air meteorological measurements during the annual average measurement campaign

23. Upper air meteorological measurements during the winter campaign

24. Modeling & Data Analysis • Develop an integrated set of PM modeling methods • Conduct data analysis to support modeling and provide a conceptual framework for understanding the nature and causes of PM exceedances • Provide tools for decision makers to explore “what-if” scenarios

25. Policy & Technical Findings Documents Modeling & Analysis Toolkit Support for PM SIPs SIP Expected Final Products