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Confucius

Confucius. China before Confucius. The “Yellow Emperor” Xia and Shang Dynasties 2070 B.C. - 1046 B.C. Zhou Dynasty 1046 B.C. - 256 B.C. “Spring and Autumn” period 770 B.C. - 476 B.C. Confucius. Born in 551 B.C. died in 479 B.C. Confucianism.

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Confucius

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  1. Confucius

  2. China before Confucius • The “Yellow Emperor” • Xia and Shang Dynasties • 2070 B.C. - 1046 B.C. • Zhou Dynasty • 1046 B.C. - 256 B.C. • “Spring and Autumn” period • 770 B.C. - 476 B.C.

  3. Confucius • Born in 551 B.C. • died in 479 B.C.

  4. Confucianism • Concerned primarily with restoring social stability and order • What is the basis of a stable, unified, and enduring social order? • a system of social and ethical philosophy • “only when character is cultivated are our families regulated; only when families are regulated are states well governed.”

  5. Confucianism • li • rituals, norms, institutions, or mores • the outer, conforming aspect of Confucianism • ren • humaneness, love, kindness, benevolence, or virtue • the inner, reforming aspect of Confucianism

  6. Li • Rites, ceremonies, proper behavior, and good manner • performed in good faith, with everyone keeping to his or her proper role • universal harmony • no need for physical sanctions, laws, or punishment

  7. Ren • Relationship between "two persons” • extension of filial piety to all human beings • each role in the hierarchy of social relations had clearly defined duties • reciprocity or mutual responsibility

  8. Five relationships • father-child • ruler-subject • husband-wife • elder brother-younger brother • friend-friend

  9. Confucianism • Persecuted in Qin Dynasty • 221 B.C. - 206 B.C. • promoted by later rulers

  10. Confucianism • reinforced by the civil examination system • “keju”: civil examination • from 605 to 1905

  11. In today’s China

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