Interfaces: Vernacular Voices and Latin Narratives, c.900-1200

1. Interfaces: Vernacular Voices and LatinNarratives, c.900-1200

2. Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, Hist. 3. (Germany, c. 1000) • Main texts: • Excidium Troiae • Epitome de Caesaribus • Liber historiae Francorum • Jordanes, Getica & Romana • Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum & Historia Romana • Compilation on Alexander • Beda: Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum Marek Thue Kretschmer: Rewriting Roman History in the Middle Ages. The ”Historia Romana” and the Manuscript Bamberg, Hist. 3. (diss. Trondheim 2006) - to be published with Brill 2007/08

3. Examples of explanations • displicuit id est non placuit • Signa uero de Cimbris, que uulgo bandos dicimus,... • Syntactical changes • debere-construction for future (regnaturum fore / regnare deberet) • quia / quod - clause for acc. + inf. • direct speech instead of indirect • unus as indefinite article

4. Examples of vocabulary change • bucca for os • caballus for equus • mundus for orbis terrarum • sanguis for cruor • thius for auunculus/patruus • causa for res • manducare for vesci and other expressions

5. omission of parallels with Jewish history • omission of apotheoses of emperors and military triumphs • omission of names, dates and many other historical particulars • emphasis on the attitudes of emperors to Christianity

6. Paulus Diaconus, Historia Romana VI.23: • Inde Romam regressus tertio se consulem fecit cum Marco Aemilio Lepido, qui ei magister equitum dictatori ante annum fuerat. Inde in Africam profectus est, ubi infinita nobilitas cum Iuva, Mauritaniae rege, bellum reparaverat. duces autem Romani erant Publius Cornelius Scipio ex genere antiquissimo Scipionis Africani, hic etiam socer Marci Pompei fuerat, Marcus Petreiusque Varus, Marcus Portius Cato, Lucius Cornelius Faustus Sullae dictatoris filius. • Paulus Diaconus, Historia Romana VI.23 in Bamberg, hist. 3 • Inde Cesar Romam regressus est et factus est consul tercia uice. Postea uenit in Africam cum multis nobilibus Romanis et pugnauit cum Iuba, rege Mauritanie et ibi fuerunt cum eo duces Romanorum Cornelius Scipio, Faustus Sulle dictatoris filius.

7. Robertus Monachus: Historia Iherosolimitana (France, c. 1105) • Edition: Patrologia Latina, vol. 155, col. 669-758 (ed. P. Migne, Paris 1844) & Recueil des Historiens des Croisades, vol. III (Paris 1866), s. 717-882. • Translation, Introduction: Carol Sweetenham, Robert the Monk’s History of the First Crusade. Historia Iherosolimitana, Aldershot 2005.

8. Compendium Saxonis (Denmark, c. 1340) • Sed quia opus suum diffusum est in pluribus locis, multaque dicuntur magis propter ornatum quam propter veritatem hystorie prosequendam, insuper et stilus suus nimium obscurus est propter plurima vocabula et poemata diuersa moderno tempore inconsueta, ideo hoc opusculum, excerptum de illo, ponit planis verbis notabiliora gesta ibi descripta, cum addicione aliquorum, que post dictum opus editum acciderunt. • However, his work is drawn out in many places and much is said more in order to embellish than to pursue a truthful account; in addition his style is very obscure on account of the many words and various poems to which we are unaccostumed today. The present small work is excerpted from that and deals in plain words with the more renowned deeds described in it – with the addition of some which happened after the work in question was published.

9. Compendium Saxonis VIII.xvi (ed. Gertz 1917-18, 335-36): • Perlato igitur ad socios igne habitaque aura competenti quarta die venit ad terram, de qua gygas dixerat, tenebrosam. Quam intrans cum sociis, debiliter vidit scopulum molis immense; ad quem accedens iussit ignem accendi in aditu. Deinde cum lumine intrans vidit habitaculum omni immundicia, serpentibus et fetoribus plenum, intra quod erat Vtgarthilokus, immensis cathenis manibus et pedibus ligatus; cuius fetentes pili magnitudine et rigore corneis hastis erant equales. Quorum vnum Thorkillus ex mento eius excussit ac in argumentum factorum suorum seruauit; vt nullus ibi subsistere nisi naribus obturatis. • Saxo VIII.15,7-8 (ed. Friis-Jensen 2005): • Inde perlato ad socios igne aure indulgentiam nactus quarto die ad propositum portum appulit. Aggressusque cum sociis terram, apud quam continue noctis facies alterni luminis uicissitudinem frustrabatur, egre prospectum capientibus oculis inusitate molis scopulum conspicit. Cuius perlustrandi cupidus a comitibus foris stationem peragentibus extusum silicibus ignem, opportunum contra demones tutamentum, in aditu iussit accendi. • Post hec prelato per alios lumine arctis cauerne faucibus corpus subiiciens inter crebros serpentum allapsus ferreorum undique sedilium frequentiam contemplatur. Inde placidior aque moles subiectoque sabulo molliter influens conspectui obseruata est. Qua transita paulo deuexiorem situ speluncam aggreditur. Ex qua item atrum obscoenumque conclaue uisentibus aperitur. Intra quod Ugarthilocus manus pedesque immensis cathenarum molibus oneratus aspicitur. Cuius olentes pili tam magnitudine quam rigore corneas equauerant hastas. Quorum unum Thorkillus annitentibus sociis mento patientis excussum, quo promptior fides suis haberetur operibus, asseruauit, statimque tanta foetoris uis ad circumstantes manauit, ut nisi repressisamiculo naribus respirare nequirent.

13. Gertz, M. Cl. 1917-18: Scriptores minores historiœ Danicae medii aevi I, Copenhagen, 195-470. • Knudsen, A.L. 1994: Saxostudier og rigshistorie på Valdemar Atterdags tid. • Knudsen, A.L. 1996: “The Use of Saxo Grammaticus in the Later Middle Ages.”The Birth of Identities. Denmark and Europe in the Middle Ages. Ed. Brian Patrick McGuire, Copenhagen, 147-160.

15. Vibeke Winge: Dänische Deutsche —deutsche Dänen. Geschichte der deutschen Sprache in Dänemark 1300-1800 mit einem Ausblick auf das 19. Jahrhundert. Heidelberg 1992.