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Christian Europe

Christian Europe. 600-1200 CE Latin West, Byzantine Empire, Eastern Orthodox, & Russia. Christianity: The Latin West. Traditional end of Roman Empire (West) 476 CE (Turning Point) Distance from growing trade routes (Silk Road/Indian Maritime Routes)  less importance

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Christian Europe

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  1. Christian Europe 600-1200 CE Latin West, Byzantine Empire, Eastern Orthodox, & Russia

  2. Christianity: The Latin West • Traditional end of Roman Empire (West) 476 CE (Turning Point) • Distance from growing trade routes (Silk Road/Indian Maritime Routes)  less importance • Population centers separated by mountain ranges, dense forests, penisulas (5) and large islands (2) • Warming period (c. 750- mid-12th century) ↑ agricultural production • Literacy ↓, Roman prestige still↑

  3. Christianity:The Latin West • Charles Martel: Battle of Tours (732 CE) • Son Charlemagne crowned Roman Emporer (800 CE) • Kingdom split b/tw his sons Chales the Bald; Louis the German; & Lothar • Otto I (r. 936-973) much of Germany ; “Holy Roman Emperor” by pope • Big picture: although politically unsuccessful in reviving the old imperial Roman Empire, testimony to appeal of classical world

  4. Relationship Between Lords and Vassals LORDS GIVE SERVICE TO • political and social structure of the feudal system • Vassals certain duties for the lord • All nobles ultimately vassals king. VASSALS

  5. What is a Knight? • Almost all nobles were knights • Training began at age 7, as a page, under the guidance of the lady of the manor • Courtly manners, Horsemanship & combat skills s/t reading, music, dancing • Squire: age 15 ; trained by other knights, followed into battle • Those deemed worthy were “dubbed” knights • Code of Chivalry & tournaments

  6. CONSTRUCTING THE PYRAMID OF POWER KING LOYALTY AND SERVICE LAND POWERFUL NOBLES LAND AND PROTECTION LOYALTY AND MILITARY SERVICE LESSER NOBLES (KNIGHTS) LABOR PROTECTION SERFS AND FREEMEN

  7. The Latin West: The Church • Filled the power vacuum after the collapse of Roman Empire • Hierarchy modeled on it; took on roles (admin, pol, ed, welfare) • Latin official language of Church (& w/ Greek into 20th century hallmark of “educated”) • Quiet wealthy, top-down missionary style (similar to Chinese Buddhists) • Adopted pre-Christian traditions • Investiture controversy (11th century) somewhat “resolved” w/ Concordant of Worms (1122 CE)

  8. Byzantine Empire (~ 330 CE – 1453 CE) • No clear starting point, eastern Empire ~ 330 CE w/ Constantine moving capital • Thought of themselves as Romans • More compact despite Justininan’s (r.527-565 CE) reconquering of Med. • Areas Controlled Greece, much of southeastern Europe (Balkans) & Anatolia • Political authority highly centralized- emperor, imperial court, aristocrats in admin; focus was collection of taxes, maintaining order, suppressing revolts • Ultimately losses to Catholic Crusaders, incursions from Western European power, and Turkic Muslim invaders

  9. Byzantine Empire & Christianity • Church tied w/ State (Emperor) more than Roman, “orthodox” • Appointed “Patriarch” to lead “Orthodox Church” • Latin (Rome) v. Eastern Orthodox (Constantinople) Church • Both teachings of Jesus, sacraments, hierarchy; missions; attitude towards other religions; & fear of Islam • Disagreed on: language of Church, nature of Trinity, source of Holy Spirit, original sin, priests, unleavened vs. leavened bread • Schism over authority of Church • Mutual excommunication (1054 CE) • Sack of Constantinople (1204 CE)

  10. Kievan Russia

  11. Conversion of Russia • Modern Ukraine & Russia • Trade along Dnieper linked Scandinavia & Byzantine EmpireKievanRus (9th century) • Various princes (esp Kiev) led societySlave/freemen, privilege/common, dominant men/subordinate women • Turning Pt: Vladmir I to Eastern Orthodox • Borrowed from Byzantine Empire • Architectural styles, pol authority of church, use of icons, Cyrillic alphabet • “Third Rome”

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