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Cum Clauses; Fero. February 28 th , 2012. CUM Clauses. Cum = Preposition “with” + ablative. Cum = Conjunction “when, since, although” introducing a subordinate clause. Cum clauses can have verbs in either the indicative or the subjunctive.
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Cum Clauses; Fero February 28th, 2012
CUM Clauses • Cum = Preposition “with” + ablative. • Cum = Conjunction “when, since, although” introducing a subordinate clause. • Cum clauses can have verbs in either the indicative or the subjunctive. • Cum + Indicative is usually temporal, expressing the precise moment an action has taken place; Cum….Tum implies simultaneity of two separate actions. • Cum + Subjunctive can imply: 1. Circumstance (i.e. since, because, when). 2. Obstruction/Adversity overcome (i.e. although).
Examples of Cum Clauses • Cum eum videbis, eum cognosces – “When you seem you will recognize him.” (Indicative). • Cum vincimus, tum pacem speras – “While we are winning, you are hoping for peace.” (Indicative, Simultaneity). • Cum hoc fecisset, ad te fugit – “When he had done this, he fled to you.” (Subjunctive, Circumstantial). • Cum hoc sciret, potuit eos iuvare – “Since he knew this, he was able to help them.” (Subjunctive, Causal). • Cum hoc sciret, tamen milites misit – “Although he knew this, he nevertheless sent out soldiers.” (Subjunctive, Adversative). • Cum Gaium diligeremus, non poteramus eum iuvare. – “Although we loved Gaius, we could not help him.” (Subjunctive, Adversative). • Context critical.
Fero, Ferre, Tuli, Latum(Bear, Carry)cf. Wheelock, pp.459-60
