The Subjunctive and cum Clauses

1. The Subjunctive and cum Clauses Stage 24

2. cum clauses… • are dependent clauses • A dependent clause (a.k.a. subordinate clause) is a clause that does not make sense (i.e. is a sentence fragment) without being attached to a independent clause. • Are formed with cum + a pluperfect or imperfect subjunctive verb • cum + a subjunctive verb is always translated as when

3. The Pluperfect Subjunctive • Formation: perfect stem + isse + personal endings (m, s, t, mus, tis, nt) • Example: portavisset, venisset, fecissent, duxissent, etc. • Translated: Just like the pluperfect indicative– i.e. had verbed

4. Forms of the Pluperfect Subjunctive(using porto, portare, portavi)

5. Now you try… • Conjugate these verbs in the pluperfect subjunctive, singular and plural: • venio, venire, vēni • habeo, habēre, habui • duco, ducere, duxi • facio, facere, fēci

6. cum + Pluperfect Subjunctivep. 70 • cum Modestus ad pontem advenisset, equus constitit. • When Modestus had arrived at the bridge, the horse stopped. • cum servi omnia paravissent, mercator amicos in triclinium duxit. • When the slaves had prepared everything, the merchant lead his friends into the dining room.

7. The Imperfect Subjunctive • Formation: Infinitive + personal endings (i.e. 2nd pp + m, s, t, mus, tis, nt) • Example: portaret, veniret, facerent, ducerent, etc. • Translated: Just like the imperfect indicative– i.e. was/were verbing

8. Forms of the Imperfect Subjunctive(using porto, portare, portavi)

9. Now you try… • Conjugate these verbs in the imperfect subjunctive, singular and plural: • venio, venire, vēni • habeo, habēre, habui • duco, ducere, duxi • facio, facere, fēci

10. cum + Imperfect Subjunctivep. 73 • Cum custodes dormirent, captivi e carcere effugerunt. • When the guards were sleeping, the prisoners escaped from the prison. • Modestus, cum in Britannia militaret, multas puellas amabat. • When Modestus was serving in the army in Britain, he loved many girls.