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Fricatives

Fricatives. Area (cm 2 ). Length (cm). /  /. Equation for Turbulence Re= V*h/  Re: Reynolds number V: flow velocity : kinematic coefficient of viscosity h: characteristic dimension (size of constriction). Fluid Flow. Flat spectrum Similar across all places of articulation.

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Fricatives

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  1. Fricatives

  2. Area (cm2) Length (cm) //

  3. Equation for Turbulence Re= V*h/ Re: Reynolds number V: flow velocity : kinematic coefficient of viscosity h: characteristic dimension (size of constriction) Fluid Flow

  4. Flat spectrum Similar across all places of articulation Amplitude Frequency Source Characteristics

  5. Source Characteristics Amplitude Frequency Time

  6. Source Characteristics: Voiced + Amplitude Frequency

  7. Area (cm2) Length (cm) Filter Characteristics * Front cavity length Largely dictates resonant frequency Anterior constriction glottis lips Front Cavity* Back Cavity

  8. Fricatives: • Alveolar • front cavity length ~ 2.5 cm • F1=34000/4*2.5 = 3400 Hz • Intense energy at/above 3400 Hz

  9. Source Filter Theory

  10. Sibilants: Spectrum Envelope Amplitude /s/ (> 3.5-4 KHz) // (~2-3 KHz) Frequency

  11. Spectrogram // /s/

  12. /h/ /s/

  13. Waveform and Spectrogram Amplitude Spectrum /f/

  14. Voicing /z/ /s/

  15. /z/ /s/

  16. Affricate // /t/ /t/

  17. Rise-time: stops vs. affricates /t/ /t/

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