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Fricatives

Fricatives. Fricatives are consonants with the characteristic that when they are produced, the air escapes through a small passage and makes a hissing sound. Place of articulation alveolar palato- labio- dental glottal alveolar dental

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Fricatives

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  1. Fricatives Fricatives are consonants with the characteristic that when they are produced, the air escapes through a small passage and makes a hissing sound

  2. Place of articulation alveolar palato- labio- dental glottal alveolar dental Voiceless, fortis s ʃ f θ h Voiced, lenis z ʒ v ð

  3. Fortis fricatives are said to be articulated with greater force than the lenis ones and their friction noise is louder. • Fortis fricatives have the effect of shortening the preceding vowel, as do fortis plosives. • Lenis fricatives tend to be fully voiced only when they occur between voiced sounds

  4. s and z /s/ and /z/ are alveolar fricative consonants The soft palate is raised and the nasal resonator is shut off. The tip and blade of the tongue make a light contact with the alveolar ridge. The side rims of the tongue are in a close contact with the upper side teeth forming a short and narrow channel, thus causing friction between the tongue and the alveolar ridge.

  5. Comparison • In Estonian /s/ and /z/ are articulated nearer to the teeth • English /s/ is more energetic and /z/ is a voiced consonant sai sigh sein sane suu Sue söö sir

  6. The pronunciation of dis and re+s / s / / z / disappoint disaster disappear disease disinherit dissolve re-sent resent re-sign resign

  7. ʃ and ʒ • /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ palato-alveolar fricative consonants • The place of articulation is partlypalatal and partly alveolar. The tongue is in contact with the area slightly further back than that for /s/ and /z/ • The passage through which the air escapes is slightly wider. Lips are rounded

  8. Spelling /ʃ/ • -sh shape, wash, • endings ti+vowel education, association • endings ci+vowel musician, physician • Less common: • ch machine, champagne Michigan, Chicago s sure, insurance

  9. /ʒ/ • s before endings with u or i: measure, vision • -ge endings in words of French origin: beige, garage, rouge

  10. She sells shells on the sea shore, The shells she sells are seashells I’m sure, For if she sells seashells on the seashore, Then I’m sure she sells seashore shells.

  11. Affricates • ʧ and ʤ • Affricates begin as plosives and end as fricatives • They start with the closure and hold phase of /t/ and /d/ but instead of a rapid release with plosion and aspiration the tongue moves to the position of the fricatives /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ • So the plosive is followed immediately by fricative noise NB! we would not classify all sequences of plosive + fricative as affricates: e.g. k+f in the word breakfast is not an affricate.

  12. The plosive and fricative must be homorganic to be classified as affricates. • ʧ and ʤ are palato-alveolar affricate consonants • /ʧ/ is voiceless and fortis and /ʤ/ is voiced and lenis

  13. Spelling /ʧ/ • all tch: match, stretch, wretched • all t+ure: future, nature, feature • most ch: chin, punch, such, /ʤ/ • all j: jam, job, major, BUT: Juan, Mojave • all dge: judge, budge, bridge, • some g before i: gin, imagine BUT: give

  14. Practise the difference CHIN GIN RICH RIDGE CHEER JEER SEARCH SURGE CHOKE JOKE H AGE CHAIN JANE LARCH LARGE Look out! He’s choking/joking. The audience cheered/jeered at her speech. It’s not a little fir tree, It’s a larch/large tree. What happened to your chin/gin

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