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Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation

Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation. DNA codes for protein A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein is called a gene When your body needs a protein, it follows the instructions in DNA on a specific gene to make one. Proteins. Protein synthesis problem!.

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Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation

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  1. Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation

  2. DNA codes for protein A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein is called a gene When your body needs a protein, it follows the instructions in DNA on a specific gene to make one. Proteins

  3. Protein synthesis problem! • Where is DNA, the instructions for proteins located? • In the nucleus

  4. Protein synthesis problem! • What inside of the cell makes proteins? • Ribosomes • Where are ribosomes located? • Ribosomes in the cytosol

  5. DNA to Protein Problem • DNA cannot leave the nucleus • Protein factories (ribosomes) are NOT in the nucleus and they cannot get into the nucleus

  6. RNA to the rescue RNA carries DNA’s instructions The flow of genetic information: DNA to RNA to Protein How does your body know how to make proteins?

  7. Protein Synthesis • Two processes of protein synthesis • Transcription • Translation

  8. transcription complex start site nucleotides Transcription • Transcription rewrites DNA into RNA • occurs in the nucleus • makes mRNA

  9. 1a. DNA separates 2b. Complementary RNA bases are correctly paired to one side of the DNA DNA transcription complex start site nucleotides Transcription steps

  10. RNA Transcription steps • 3c. mRNA separates from DNA • 4d. DNA reforms • 5e. mRNA leaves the nucleus

  11. DNA Transcription • mRNA = messenger RNA • mRNA carries the instructions for making a protein from the DNA to the protein factories (ribosomes)

  12. Practice • Transcribe the left side of this strand of DNA A-T RNA base pairing rules C-G A - U C - G C-G T-A G-C

  13. Practice

  14. Practice

  15. Transcribe the left side of this DNA strand

  16. Transcribe the left side of this DNA strand

  17. Protein synthesis • 1. Transcription • 2. Translation

  18. Transcribe this DNA strand • T A C G A A T C G A C T

  19. Transcribe this DNA strand • T A C G A A T C G A C T • A U G C U U A G C U G A

  20. How to translate • Divide your mRNA sequence into groups of three • A U G C U U A G C U G A

  21. How to translate • Divide your mRNA sequence into groups of three • A U G / C U U / A G C / U G A

  22. How to translate • 3 nitrogen bases = a codon (a word) • 3 nitrogen bases = 1 amino acid • Many amino acids = a protein • Use the genetic code chart to translate into the correct amino acid sequence

  23. Genetic code chart

  24. How to translate • A U G / C U U / A G C / U G A • AUG = • CUU = • AGC = • UGA =

  25. How to translate • A U G / C U U / A G C / U G A • AUG = Met (Start translation) • CUU = • AGC = • UGA =

  26. How to translate • A U G / C U U / A G C / U G A • AUG = Met (Start translation) • CUU = Leu • AGC = • UGA =

  27. How to translate • A U G / C U U / A G C / U G A • AUG = Met (Start translation) • CUU = Leu • AGC = Ser • UGA =

  28. How to translate • A U G / C U U / A G C / U G A • AUG = Met (Start translation) • CUU = Leu • AGC = Ser • UGA = Stop translation

  29. How to translate • A U G / C U U / A G C / U G A • AUG = Met (Start translation) • CUU = Leu • AGC = Ser • UGA = Stop translation • Amino acid sequence = Met - Leu - Ser - Stop • A bunch of amino acids = a protein

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