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Byzantine World. Church in Crisis. Issues of theology running hot in 325 Differing positions God superior to Jesus, taught by Arius Father, Son, and Holy Spirit Constantine seeking uniformity Nicaea was location of meeting facilitated by Constantine
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Church in Crisis • Issues of theology running hot in 325 • Differing positions • God superior to Jesus, taught by Arius • Father, Son, and Holy Spirit • Constantine seeking uniformity • Nicaea was location of meeting facilitated by Constantine • Creed established, Arius refuses to take part
Church and State • Who has authority over the church? How influential in politics? • Byzantine Empire: caesaropapism, combination of pope and caesar • Rome: Popes were head of Church and used position of power to influence • Dueling concepts
Justinian 527-565 • Submit absolutely to his authority • Imperial goal: one God, one empire, one religion • Centralization of all aspects was a key • Spent, built, and destroyed on large scale • Wife, Theodora, co ruler
Cont….. • Justinian Code of Law: compilation of Roman law with additions • 4 parts: • Codes: Imperial edicts • Novellae: decrees issued by Justinian • Digest: major opinions of old legal experts • Institutes: practical textbook constructed
Plague, Wars, and Church Squabbles • Bubonic plague highly problematic, location adds to issue • Conflicts with Islamic world growing • Territories lost • Trade routes disrupted • Church squabbles • Role of Jesus • Iconoclasm