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IPS Chapter 4 Pg 69 Solutions. Solvent – does the dissolving ex: water, alcohol, peroxide, Shout Solute – substance that is dissolved Unsaturated – solvent not full of solute yet Saturated – full of solute
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IPS Chapter 4 Pg 69Solutions • Solvent – does the dissolving ex: water, alcohol, peroxide, Shout • Solute – substance that is dissolved • Unsaturated – solvent not full of solute yet • Saturated – full of solute • Supersaturated – so full it will start to crystallize (precipitate), can’t hold any more, rock candy
Concentration – grams of solute in the volume of solvent given in g / 100 cm3 (multiply gramsin 1 mL by 100) • Pg 69 middle and bottom • Pg 70 #2-4
Solutions are homogeneous (completely blended) • Solubility – how much solute will dissolve in given volume of solvent, characteristic property
Solubility affected by…. • Temp – solids dissolve better in hot solvent, graph Pg 73 - gases dissolve better in cool hot water=less oxygen for fish Pg 82 • Pressure – carbon dioxide in soda • Stirring - agitation • Surface area - handout
Graph handout w/ quiz sheet • Pg 72 #7-11 • Pg 75 #13-16, 18-21 • Pg 77 ethanol • Pg 78 #22 • Pg 79 carbon dioxide • Pg 82 #26-30
Solutions can be…. • Solids – alloys iron + carbon = steel zinc + copper = brass tin + copper = bronze gold + copper = 12 K gold • Liquids – carbon dioxide in soda • Gas – air we breathe is mostly nitrogen
Acid RainPg 83 • Carbon dioxide in air makes carbonic acid rain, weak acid ( in soda) but able to dissolve limestone underground and cause sinkholes • Burning coal and making paper produces sulfur that causes sulfuric acid, strong acid (battery acid), dissolves statues and buildings, harms fish and crops
Solutes in Drinking WaterPg 85 • Hard water – excess calcium (lime deposits) • Pg 86 #31,32,35,36,37,39,40,42