Treaty of Sèvres

1. Treaty of Sèvres Ottoman Empire

2. Introduction • The First World War ends in the Middle East when the Mudros armistice is signed by the Ottoman Empire on 30 October 1918 • However, the Treaty of Sevres was never truly ratified because of internal Turkish affairs; namely the rise to power of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and the overthrow of the Ottoman sultan • The Treaty was actually only proposed because each Allied power had expected to gain land from it

3. Ottoman Empire • The treaty deals with the Ottoman Empire • Signed on August 10th 1920 • Ottoman Empire is abolished and Turkey is forced to renounce all rights over Arab Asia and North Africa • When the new Turkish nationalist regime rejects the Treaty of Sevres it is replaced with the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923

4. Political Outcomes • The Dardanelle Straits were to be open in both peace and war • Nationalistic areas under Western control are created and begin to look for their autonomy

5. Economic Outcomes • The Allies now controlled the Empire’s finances • Everyone is giving free transit through the Empire • Goods in transit are free of customs duties

6. Military Outcomes • The Ottoman Empire would have lost a lot of territories under the treaty • The Bosphorus, Dardenelles and Sea of Marmara had to be demilitarized and internationalized • Reduced air force • The Ottoman army was to be restricted to 50,000 men

7. Other Countries formed by/addressed in the treaty • The pact provides an independent Armenia, Kurdistan and for a Greek presence in eastern Thrace and on the Anatolian west coast • It also provides for Greek control over the Aegean islands commanding the Dardanelles • Arabia was recognized as independent • Ethnic & religious majorities and minorities • Economy of the country • Problems that arise from the formation of this country

8. Assessments of the Treaty • Lloyd George, even though he says he is in the Middle East for a honest good purpose, goes there to advance the interests of the British Empire • These include British-controlled sea and land routes to India and make sure that no other power will be given important strategic areas • Clemenceau wanted everything signed by the Allies that could give France a hold on Syria and southern Anatolia • He wanted dominance over the Turkish Straits and generally over what he hoped would become Turkey • Woodrow Wilson came into the treaty with his 14 points, bringing the image of honestly and peace

9. My Assessment • Unfair because Britain and France were only looking for their own advantages • It was a rather than a compromise • Bad idea because it weakened the Ottoman Empire but possibly created feelings of vengeance from the people • Therefore rather than peace, might lead to war • However, by weakening the Ottoman Empire it could buy the Allies time to create peace and prevent retaliation

10. MLA Sources • Reguer, Sara. "Sèvres, Treaty of (1920)." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004.Encyclopedia.com. 8 Jan. 2011<http://www.encyclopedia.com>. • "Treaty of Sèvres." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 8 Jan. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/536839/Treaty-of-Sevres>. • "Treaty of Sevres." Hellenica, Information about Greece and Cyprus, Michael Lahanas. GNU Free Documentation License. Web. 8 Jan. 2011. <http://www.mlahanas.de/Greece/History/TreatyOfSevres.html>. • "Treaty of Sèvres." Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free Online Reference, Research & Homework Help. — Infoplease.com. Columbia University Press, 2007. Web. 26 Dec. 2010. <http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0844592.html>. • "Treaty of Sèvres." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Retrieved January 7, 2011 from Encyclopedia.com<http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Sevres-T.html>