Maori Tribe of Aotearoa

1. Maori Tribe of Aotearoa (New Zealand) Nicole Mann

2. Material vs. Non-Material • The Maori are a non-material culture • Achievements and success are not measured by material things, but by “mana” which is honor • Americans, however, are quite materialistic

3. Te Reo Maori • There was a decline and revival of the language between 1950 and 1980, until Maori became an official language of New Zealand along with English and New Zealand Sign Language • At first, Maori was the only language spoken in New Zealand as the Maori were dependant on European settlers for supplies • The United States has no official language • Top 3 languages are English (82.1%), Spanish (10.7%), and “Other Indo-European” (3.8%)

4. Mana • The “life-force” within everything on the earth • The Maori inherited mana, but it could also be gained or lost through certain actions • The Maori wanted to maintain as much mana as possible, especially their chiefs • Mana influenced how groups and individuals behaved, and also determined achievement and success • The Maori defended their mana and tried to gain it whenever possible

5. Tapu • Tapu controlled how people acted towards each other and their environment • It was considered to protect people and nature, and was the most powerful of the Maori values • Many activities, whether ceremonial or not, were connected to mana and tapu • At first, Tapu meant that lower classes could not touch objects belonging to members of the upper classes, and vice versa

6. Utu • Although “Utu” is described as “revenge”, it has a broader meaning • Utu is harmony within the Maori society, but how this could harmony could be kept varied widely • There are different types of utu for different transgressions • Muru- taking one’s personal beloning • Taua- A hostile retaliation with different severities • Tauamuru- Taking belongings without shedding blood • Taua mate or Tauaroto- Seeking death to avenge a death • These punishments depended on the mana of the victim, mana of the offender, severity of the action, and the intent of the action • This value of Maori culture is most like the American Death Penalty system

7. Religion • The Maori have strong spiritual ties to the land, as they believe that all living things are descended form their gods • Certain geographic locations are sacred to the Maori • Such as the Wanganui River, Mount Ngaruahoe, and Mount Ruapehu • Priests of the major deities are called “tohungaahurewa” • In more modern times, most Maori are Presbyterian, Mormon, or Maori Christian • Most Americans are Christian, atheist, or Jewish

8. Symbols Although they are considered the messengers of Whiro, the god of evil, lizards in art symbolized protection The Pohutukawa tree was said to be the place where spirits leave the world

9. Norms: Folkways • Introductions • The Maori traditionally introduce themselves with the story of how they arrived in New Zealand, starting with their ancestors and coming down to their grandparents, parents, and finally themselves • Americans can be formal or informal with their greeting based on the occasion, but the Maori always introduce themselves in the same way • Farewells • Everyone gathers together in the whare, with the hosts on one side of the whare and the guests on the other. Everyone speaks, starting with the guests and ending with the hosts. The hosts then make a line at the door and the guests pass by them and leave. • As with greetings, American goodbyes can be formal or informal. Depending on the situation, Maori goodbyes can be either formal or informal A Maori man performing hongi (an informal greeting) with a tourist

10. Norms: Mores • Tekoteko • Represents the ancestor for which the whare is named • Koruru • Represents the direct descendant of the ancestor • Maihi • On each side of the Tekoteko, and along with the Raparapa, represent the ancestor’s arms • Amo • Come down from each Maihi, and represent the ancestor’s sides • When one enters a whare, the do not enter a building, but the ‘body’ of an ancestor

11. Norms: Laws • The Maori people have become a part of the country of New Zealand, so they are subject to the laws of their country • The Maori make up 14.6% of the country’s population • Americans are subject to the laws of their own country, like the Maori

12. Cultural Traits – Rules of the WhareHui (Meeting House) • Do not wear shoes inside • Do not smoke inside • Do not eat inside • Do not jump on matresses • Do not hang clothes on pictures • Do not hang clothes on carvings • Do not drink inside • Do not run inside • Do not step over people’s legs, or ask them to move • Do not walk in front of the speaker • Do not throw blankets over others • Do not chew gum • Do not sit on any pillows

13. Technology • Most Maori people have assimilated with New Zealanders, so their technology is still modern • http://www.stuff.co.nz/technology/2667840/Te-reo-Maori-comes-to-iPhones

14. The Haka

15. Rugby Haka

16. “Ka Mate” Leader: “Ringapakia! Umatiraha! Turiwhatia! Hope whaiake! Waewaetakahiakiakino!” Leader: “Ka mate, ka mate” Team: “Ka ora’, ka ora’ ” Leader: “Ka mate, ka mate” Team: “Ka ora’, ka ora’ ” All: “Tēneitetangatapūhuruhuru Nānaitikimaiwhakawhititerā Upane... Upane UpaneKaupane Whititerā,! Hī!” “Slap the hands against the thighs! Puff out the chest. Bend the knees! Let the hip follow! Stamp the feet as hard as you can!” “I die, I die” “I live, I live” “I die, I die” “I live, I live” “This is the fierce, powerful man Who caused the sun to shine again for me Up the ladder, Up the ladder, Up to the top The sun shines! Rise!” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eGCsEQ15L4