Multimedia

1. Multimedia

2. Analog VS Digital Analog most of analog will be in physical term like Vinyl Disk, Analog Tape or Plate. Digital Transfer from Analog to binary coding System (on/off ,yes/no, 0/1)

3. Analog VS Digital Analog VS Digital

4. Element of Multimedia • Text • Graphic • Animation • Audio/Sound • Video • Programming

5. Text Text Text files can be 2 kinds • Not keep the format of text • Keep the format of text

6. Text File type that not include format *.txt (text document) File type that include format *.rtf (rich text format) *.wri (window write format) *.doc (word document) *.pdf (portable document format)

7. Text *.pdf (portable document format) • captures formatting information from a variety of desktop publishing applications, making it possible to send formatted documents and have them appear on the recipient's monitor or printer as they were intended. The purpose of a PDF file is to display a document properly formatted with fonts, colors, and graphics accurately on as many computers with as many operating systems as possible. • Acrobat Reader, a free program, will read the PDF file and show the document on the screen formatted exactly as it was in the original application. Users do not need the original application that created the document in order to read it.

8. Graphic Vector Graphic Vector graphics are made up of many individual objects. Each of these objects can be defined by mathematical statements and has individual properties assigned to it such as color, fill, and outline. Vector graphics are resolution independent because they can be output to the highest quality at any scale. Vector graphics tend to have much smaller file sizes than raster-based bitmaps.

9. Graphic Graphic Raster Graphic A bitmap or raster image are comprised of pixels in a grid. Each pixel or "bit" in the image contains information about the color to be displayed. Bitmap images have a fixed resolution and cannot be resized without losing image quality. Most bitmap images can be converted to other bitmap-based formats very easily. Bitmap images tend to have much large file sizes than vector graphics and they are often compressed to reduce their size.

10. Graphic Graphic Resolution of graphic Resolution is a measurement of the output quality of an image, usually in terms of samples, pixels, dots, or lines per inch. The terminology varies according to the intended output device. Pixel is the smallest display element that makes up the images you see on a computer monitor or television.In bitmap-based images, the more pixels an image contains, the higher its resolution

11. Graphic Graphic Resolution of graphic DPI - Dots per Inch DPI is a measurement of printer resolution that defines how many dots of ink are placed on the page when the image is printed. The higher a printer's DPI, the smoother your printed image will appear, provided you have a suitable amount of image resolution PPI – Pixel per Inch Resolution for printing at least 150 dpi (standard 300 dpi) Resolution for screen for windows 72 dpi Resolution for screen for mac 96 dpi

12. Graphic Graphic Color in analog (HSB,HSV,HSL) Hue – the color reflected from or absorbed by an object. Hue refers to the name of the color. Saturation – referred to chrome or intensity. Brightness – or value, refers to how light or dark.

13. Graphic Graphic Color spaces RGB - This color space is based on the primary additive colors of Red, Green, and Blue. This is the most common color mode used in graphics software.

14. Graphic Graphic Color spaces CMYK - This color space is based on the ink colors used in traditional full-color commercial printing: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and black.

15. Graphic Graphic Vector graphic files type *.ai (adobe Illustrator file) *.eps (Encapsulated PostScript) *.svg (Scalable Vector Graphics)

16. Graphic Graphic PostScript - primarily a language for printing documents on laser printers, but it can be adapted to produce images on other types of devices. PostScript is the standard for desktop publishing because it is supported by imagesetters, the very high-resolution printers used by service bureaus to produce camera-ready copy. *.eps (Encapsulated PostScript) is the graphics side of PostScript.

17. Graphic Graphic *.svg (Scalable Vector Graphics) a vector graphics format that is in development now and is expected to become the major graphic format for Web images in the future. An SVG vector graphic is described in plain text within a Web document. SVG is much smaller than an equivalent GIF or JPG file, so it downloads much faster. Many predefined shapes, like rectangles and ellipses, will be available. SVG will let the designer define far more complex shapes and combinations of vector and bitmapped graphics.

18. Graphic Graphic Raster graphic files type *.bmp (bitmapped file) *.gif (graphics interchange format) *.jpg (joint photographic experts group) *.png (portable network graphics) *.tif/tiff (tagged image file) *.psd (Photoshop file)

19. Graphic Graphic *.bmp (bitmapped file) the default bitmapped images used in the Microsoft Windows world. There is no compression. In a true color BMP with 16,000,000 colors, each pixel in the bitmap requires three bytes to store its color information. True color is also called 24-bit color, with one byte or 8 bits for the red component, 1 byte for the blue component, and 1 byte for the green component of the pixel's color. In a 256-color BMP, the color information for each pixel is stored in a single byte. That byte tells which of 256 colors on a color palette the pixel should display. All BMP graphics are rectangular. Because BMP files are Windows specific, they do not work on Web pages.

20. Graphic Graphic *.gif (graphics interchange format) bit-mapped file format maintains resolution and sharpness even when compressed. The Graphics Interchange Format compresses 256-color bitmapped graphics. Because colors in the graphic are limited to a palette of 256 hues, GIF format is best suited for clipart and diagrams. The GIF format is not effective for detailed photographs. Everyone is free to use GIF-formatted files on Web pages.It was Transparency .The GIF89a format adds animation to GIF images by using multiple images in one file.

21. Graphic Graphic *.jpg (joint photographic experts group) Compresses images smaller than GIF using a lossy compression technique for color images. The image creator can specify image quality in trade for file size. Some amount of data is lost, lossy compression technologies attempt to eliminate redundant or unnecessary information. The smaller the file size, the more picture information is lost, and the further the JPEG image will be from the original. JPEG compression is most effective with full color photographs since it is capable of displaying 16.7 million colors.

22. Graphic Graphic *.png (portable network graphics) a new bit-mapped graphics format similar to GIF. Portable Network Graphic files resemble GIF images but do not use the patented compression algorithm employed by GIF called LZW. PNG is completely patent- and license-free. Like GIF files, a PNG file compresses the graphic without losing any data. The uncompressed file is identical to the original. PNG files can work with 256 colors or 16,000,000 colors, a distinct advantage over the GIF format. Currently PNG files cannot display animation. Because PNG is a new format, only the newest browsers can display PNG graphics. But also transparency. The most recent versions of Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer now support PNG.

23. Graphic Graphic *.tif/tiff (tagged image file) files are highly supported bitmapped graphics files that can be any resolution. One of the more commonly used graphics files of the "pre-Windows" days, TIF files were widely used in the late 1980's as clip art files. Not used in today's web pages, but can be easily converted to a GIF with most graphics editors. The files can support very high resolution then most of the print work will use this kind of file. Also support 8 bits color and 16 bits color

24. Animation Graphic *.swf (flash file) • Macromedia's popular authoring software that creates vector graphics-based animation programs. Flash-created files end the with extension .swf. Flash lets designers add animation, special effects, sound, and interactivity to imported artwork. Flash files are very small files that store graphic information in the vector format, rather than bitmapped format. The files transmit so quickly that they can be converted into an animated bitmap displayed on the client machine as soon as they arrive. Because Flash is a special file format, users must install a Flash player on their machine. • Macromedia Shockwave Player is also a free Web player from Macromedia that displays multimedia files created in Macromedia Director. Director files are often games, presentations, ads, entertainment, and other interactive shows. • Basic knowledge in multimedia

25. Audio/Sound • Sound create from vibration • In Scientific we generate sound to Wave form

26. Audio/Sound Audio/Sound • Sample size in bit • 16 bit • 24 bit • Sample rate in kHz • 44.1 kHz • 48.1 kHz • 96 kHz • 192 kHz • Compact disk (CD) standard is 44.1kHz 16 bits

27. Audio/Sound Audio/Sound *.wav (wave files) *.aiff (audio interchange file format) *.mp3 (MPEG-1 audio Layer-3) *.wma (windows media audio V.9) *.ram/rm (real media/audio files) *.midi (music instrument digital interface)

28. Audio/Sound Audio/Sound *.wav (wave files) sound files end with a .wav extension and can be played by nearly all Windows applications that support sound. This format for storing sound in files developed jointly by Microsoft and IBM was built into Windows 95. this file type is not compress the sound data.

29. Audio/Sound Audio/Sound *.aiff (audio interchange file format) use in Macintosh system. a common format for storing and transmitting sampled sound. The format was developed by Apple Computer and is the standard audio format for Macintosh computers. It is also used by Silicon Graphics Incorporated (SGI). The AIFF format does not support data compression so AIFF files tend to be large. However, there is another format called AIFF-Compressed (AIFF-C or AIFC) that supports compression ratios as high as 6:1.

30. Audio/Sound Audio/Sound *.mp3 (MPEG-1 audio Layer-3) • files contain compressed sound that maintains high quality. Many different companies make MP3 players. • Regular audio CDs contain sounds stored in a digital format. A standard audio CD-ROM can store about 74 minutes of sound or 783,216,000 bytes of digital music data. Files this size are too big for Web applications to handle. MP3 compresses the CD audio files so they are only 1/10 of the original size with no detectable loss in quality for most people. A three minute song drops in size from 30MB to 3MB, and the download time is usually measured in minutes instead of hours.

31. Audio/Sound Audio/Sound *.wma (windows media audio V.9) developed to compete with the MP3 format for Windows Media Player. Microsoft claims that the WMA files are compressed three times more than MP3s yet retain their original sound quality.

32. Audio/Sound Audio/Sound *.ram/rm (real media/audio files) streaming media for windows and Macintosh. Can play with real player program.

33. Audio/Sound Audio/Sound *.midi (music instrument digital interface) • a standard adopted by the electronic music industry for controlling devices, such as synthesizers and sound cards, that emit music. At minimum, a MIDI representation of a sound includes values for the note's pitch, length, and volume. It can also include additional characteristics, such as attack and delay time. • The MIDI standard is supported by most synthesizers, so sounds created on one synthesizer can be played and manipulated on another synthesizer. Computers that have a MIDI interface can record sounds created by a synthesizer and then manipulate the data to produce new sounds. For example, you can change the key of a composition with a single keystroke. • The midi transmit data in 128 value normally use no.0-127

34. Video Codec • The process of converting the digital signal back to analog signal is called decompression. By it use hardware and software based.

35. Video Video Aspect ratio • 1.33:1 (4:3) Standard TV • 1.66:1 Film ratio • 1.85:1 (16:9) HDTV (High-Density TV) Wide screen, Wide DV

36. Video Video Thai Europe Aus :PAL Japan USA : NTSC

37. Video Video Codec • MPEG-1 (moving picture expert group) • MPEG-2 • MPEG-4 File format • *.mov • *.avi (audio video interleave) • *.wmv (windows media video)

38. Video Video MPEG-1 (moving picture expert group) this codec is designed for optimum playback at smaller data rates and is primarily used to produce no interlaced 320*240 video. This is the codec used for the Video CD Format, which is different from DVD and DVD-ROM

39. Video Video MPEG-2 (moving picture expert group) this is the codec for creating high quality and highly compressed Standard codec for DVD

40. Video Video MPEG-4 (moving picture expert group) This can be created as a video format and a codec. It compresses video down to an extremely low bandwidth, yet maintains high images quality. This is a very popular codec for website compression and onscreen playback.

41. Video Video *.mov the file format for movies defined as an Apple file extention. Movie - QuickTime can be viewed using Apple's QuickTime Player. QuickTime is built into the Macintosh operating systems. Windows users must add a QuickTime video driver to view QuickTime movies. Nowadays using MPEG-4 as codec.

42. Video Video *.avi (Audio Video Interleave) Audio Video Interleave is the format used by Microsoft Video for Windows.

43. Video Video *.wmv (windows media video) developed and controlled by Microsoft. WMV is a generic name of Microsoft's video encoding solutions and doesn't necessarily define the technology what it uses -- since version 7 (WMV7) Microsoft has used its own flavour of MPEG-4 video encoding technology (not very surprising, it's not compatible with other MPEG-4 technologies..). DivX ;-) video format is originally based on hacked WMV codec.