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Multimedia

Multimedia. Group Communication Synchronization Standards. Major Issues. 1. Size of Data Frame 2. Need High Bandwidth 3. Digital vs. Analog Representation 4. Multi-Modality Integration/Blending 5. Soft Real-Time Constraints 6. Need Group Communication 7. Need Synchronization

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Multimedia

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  1. Multimedia Group Communication Synchronization Standards T.Sharon-A.Frank

  2. Major Issues 1. Size of Data Frame 2. Need High Bandwidth 3. Digital vs. Analog Representation 4. Multi-Modality Integration/Blending 5. Soft Real-Time Constraints 6. Need Group Communication 7. Need Synchronization 8. Need for Standards T.Sharon-A.Frank

  3. 6. Need Group Communication T.Sharon-A.Frank

  4. Group Communication Amsterdam Multicast Wide Area Network London New York Tel-Aviv T.Sharon-A.Frank

  5. Casting Terms • Three general methods for delivering content from a server to a client across a network: (1) Unicasting – the server delivers the content to a single client. (2) Broadcasting – the server delivers the content to all clients, regardless whether they want the content or not. (3) Multicasting – the server delivers the content to a group of receivers who indicate they wish to receive the content. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  6. Casting relationships • Unicast: one sender – one receiver • Multicast: one sender – many receivers • Broadcast: one sender – all receive Unicast and Broadcast are actually special cases of multicast Multicast Broadcast T.Sharon-A.Frank

  7. Unicast vs. Multicast T.Sharon-A.Frank

  8. Solution Use Multicast Show/See Flash! T.Sharon-A.Frank

  9. 7. Need Synchronization T.Sharon-A.Frank

  10. Synchronization Problem London Tel-Aviv New-York Rotterdam • Between media (e.g. lipsynch) • Between users in group (orchestration) Montreal Amsterdam T.Sharon-A.Frank

  11. Synchronization Markers • Use buffering to synch • Might increase overall delay and jitter T.Sharon-A.Frank

  12. Solutions Synchronization Markers Show/See Flash! Use Delay (buffers) T.Sharon-A.Frank

  13. 8. Need for Standards Question: What’s good about a standard? Answer: there are MANY of them. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  14. Standards • "Standards are documented agreements containing technical specifications … to be used consistently … to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose." (ISO) • Ensure things that conform to standards are interchangeable. • Multimedia standards concern file formats, markup languages etc, and especially network protocols.

  15. Standards Organizations • ISO (International Organization for Standards) • All technical fields except electrical and electronic engineering • IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) • ITU (International Telecommunications Union) • IT dealt with by joint ISO/IEC technical committee

  16. Internet Standards • Internet Architecture Board (IAB) • Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) deals with technical development. • Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) registers MIME types, language codes, etc. • World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) • No official status, but Recommendations are treated as standards for the WWW.

  17. Map to ISO-OSI Model (7 Layers) Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Fit For Multimedia? Solution: Twist OSI Model T.Sharon-A.Frank

  18. Interconnected Subnetworks M a s s Networks e PrivateDedicated PublicCircuit Switched Router Local Area ISDN Bridge Router MetropolitanArea Local Area Gateway Gateway Public Packet Switched

  19. Multimedia Users T.Sharon-A.Frank

  20. Categorization of Multimedia Standards T.Sharon-A.Frank

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