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Colonial Regions:. Geography influences colonial development Essential Question: “To what extent does geography shape human development?”. RANT Quiz: Use your notes to answer the following questions. Each question is worth 5 points. W hich colonial region (New England, Middle or Southern):
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Colonial Regions: Geography influences colonial development Essential Question: “To what extent does geography shape human development?”
RANT Quiz: Use your notes to answer the following questions. Each question is worth 5 points. Which colonial region (New England, Middle or Southern): • was Jamestown located? • had the coldest climate and most rocky terrain? • had the longest growing season? • included the future states of New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania? • were colonists more likely to die of mosquito-borne diseases like malaria?
Three Colonial Regions • New England Colonies • Middle Colonies • Southern Colonies Massachusetts Connecticut Rhode Island New Hampshire New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina Georgia South Carolina
New England Colonies Geographic Features: Hilly and mountainous terrain Small coastal plains with rocky soil Heavily forested Shallow and quick flowing rivers Very good harbors and fisheries Impact: Cities built on harbors became center of society Agriculture was mainly “subsistance” farms
Middle Colonies Geographic Features: Wider coastal plains with sandy soil Pine and Deciduous forests (less dense) Mountainous terrain evident in the West Deeper, slower flowing rivers Good inland harbors Impact: Known as the “Bread Basket” colonies. Early industry because of mineral wealth in mountains. Have both big cities and larger farms
Southern Colonies Geographic Features: Large, fertile, and wide coastal plains Deep and navigable rivers extend inland Mild winters, Hot summers Impact: Plantation System to grow cash crops Cities did not develop well Climate was not healthy (Mosquito-borne diseases)
What were they growing? Brown Gold! • Tobacco was the first incredibly profitable crop. • By the late 1620s, colonists were exporting 1.5 million pounds per year. • Other cash crops included cotton, rice, sugar and indigo.
Evolution of Slavery in the Southern Colonies The size and style of agriculture in the South required a large number of laborers. Southern plantation owners needed to find a large number of workers cheaply. They first turned to: 1) Indentured Servants – European workers/farmers who agreed to work for a number of years as payment for passage to colonies. Supported by the Headright System. 1676 Bacon’s Rebellion changed labor relations
Evolution of Slavery in the Southern Colonies 2) Native American Slavery – Planters began to capture and trade for Native Americans slaves. Problems with Native American slaves: - unfamiliar with European farming - died of European diseases easily - easily ran away and would stay away
Evolution of Slavery in the Southern Colonies 3) African Slavery – Africans captured and transported from West Africa to work on plantations. African slavery slow to develop (at first): 1619 – First slaves arrive in Virginia on Dutch ship 1670 –Only 2,000 slaves in Virginia 1685 – Africans outnumber white servants (????) 1750 – ½ population of Virginia is African Africans outnumber whites in S.C (2:1) Why African Slaves?
