Asia Shifts Forms

1. Asia Shifts Forms 21.3 | The Islamification of Central Asia and Oceanic Power Shifts

2. The Spread of Islam • When the Mongols converted to Islam, their massive (and open) empire spread the religion across its great expanse • PaxMongolica • Western China today (Uyghur population) • Halted by Mongolian and Tibetan adoption of Buddhism • The Safavid Empire rooted it deeply in central Asia • The Mughal Empire established a lasting Islamic presence • Pakistan v. India (was once all India) • To the East Indies (Indonesia today)

3. Shia Islam Surrounded • The regions of Azerbaijan and Iran were the only major regions to convert to Shia Islam • Sunni Islam came to surround these regions • Chagatai Empire

4. Consequences of the Rift • With so much in common, the Central Asian Islamic states could have done very well in the long run • However deep religious division proved stronger than their bonds • Sunni-Shia competition led to Safavidmilitancy, which led to Sunni militancy • Islam made alliances with non-Muslim states • Ottomans and Protestants against Catholic Habsburgs • Religion became the focal point of conflict and militancy • Islamic states turned inward and became increasingly fundamental

5. Power shifts in the Southern Ocean Trade, the harbinger of change

6. What Comes with Trade? • You get introduced to new people from new places • You get to learn about what life is like there • Communication • Seeing their goods • You get new goods • You learn about new ideas • Culture and customs • Food and cuisine • Styles of government • Religion • You begin to think, then act, then look more like those who you trade with

7. Indian Ocean Trade • First large-scale traders were Hindu • They were displaced and replaced by Muslims • Adoption and assimilation over time • Islam in Indonesia a result of trade networks • They were superseded by Europeans • They displaced Muslims and locals by force, terror, and exploitation