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The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction

Understand how cells reproduce, the stages of mitotic cell division, importance of chromosomes, and various forms of asexual reproduction in organisms. Learn about the cell turnover and the duration of cell cycles.

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The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction

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  1. Unit 5: Cellular & Organismal Reproduction Topic 1: The Cell Cycle

  2. Cell reproduction • How do cells reproduce? • When does a cell reproduce? They divide into two cells! First they copy all their parts (DNA, organelles, ribosomes) When a multicellular organism is growing or needs to replace dead or damaged cells (mitosis) To make gametes for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes (meiosis) When a single-celled organism reproduces asexually (mitosis or binary fission)

  3. Some Definitions • Parent Cell • Daughter Cell • Sexual Reproduction • Variation • Asexual Reproduction 3

  4. Asexual reproduction in bacteria (binary fission) Binary Fission 4 Figure 8.3A, p127

  5. Other forms of asexual reproduction • Budding • Fragmentation • Regeneration • Advantages: • Don’t need to search for a mate • Can reproduce if damaged • Disadvantage: • No recombination of genetic material

  6. Chromatin 6

  7. 7

  8. Fun facts: number of chromosomes in a variety of organisms

  9. UNreplicated Chromosome Replicated Chromosome Sister Chromatids UNreplicated Chromosomes 10 Figure 8.4, p128

  10. Chromosome Anatomy 11

  11. Homologous chromosomes • Each chromosome has a homologue, or a chromosome that carries the same type of information as another chromosome • The chromosomes may have different versions of the genes but the genes code for the same type of information 12

  12. Cell cycle 13 Figure 8.5, p129

  13. Mitosis inquiry

  14. Cell cycle 15 Figure 8.5, p129

  15. The stages of mitotic cell division in an animal cell: G2 phase; prophase; prometaphase 16 Figure 8.6, p130

  16. The stages of mitotic cell division in an animal cell: metaphase; anaphase; telophase and cytokinesis. 17 Figure 8.6, p131

  17. Mitosis 18

  18. Mitosis in an onion root 19

  19. Cytokinesis in animal and plant cells 20 Figure 8.7, p132

  20. Cell turnover • The length of a cell cycle depends on the type of cell and its function in the body. • Some cells never divide after the first few months of life: brain, nerves • Some cells never divide at all: red blood cells • Some divide every 20 hours or so: cells of organ linings and skin cells

  21. Chromosomes 23

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