Review of Ocean Zones

1. Review of Ocean Zones

2. What Ocean zone is closest to the shore? • Intertidal Zone • Why do we call the shoreline an INTERTIDAL zone? • Because when tides come in and out, life must be able to survive both wet and dry periods • They must survive great changes in temperature, sunlight, & salinity. • (view page c114 in textbook for more info on this)

3. High tide, low tide, why do we care anyways… • This allows for a great variety of life here! • The area between high tide and low tide are called the intertidal zone In order for the tide to reach areas that are further back on the shore, the tide must be higher then normal

4. All about tides • Tides are the rising and falling of water level of the ocean…lowest at low tide • The moon and sun contribute to the tides. HOW? • Gravitational Pull • The gravity of the sun and moon will pull objects on Earth. As the moon’s gravity is pulling on Earth, the Earth’s water bulge on side facing the moon. The sun’s gravity pulls too, just with less effects because its so far away

5. Tides continued… • Tides differ depending on coastline • The shape of the land above/below water effects tidal ranges • Tidal ranges are the difference in height between high tide and the next low tide • Look on page c97-99 in textbook for more information

6. What comes after the intertidal zone? • Neritic Zone • We find the GREATEST AMOUNT of ocean life in the NERITIC zone. • But why? • Because the great amount of nutrients and temperature

7. What is PLANKTON? • Plant-like microbes that make their own food. • Animal-like organisms that eat other organisms. PHYTOPLANKTON ZOOPLANKTON

8. Plankton microbes are the most abundant life in the ocean. • Converts sunlight and carbon dioxide into food and oxygen. • in fact it converts about as much CO2 into oxygen as land plants. • Important source of oxygen that you are breathing right now • algae • diatoms • cyanobacteria • plant-like protists • Remember your Greek and Latin word “zo” meaning animal • animal-like protists • rotifers • krill • jellyfish PHYTOPLANKTON ZOOPLANKTON

9. PHYTOPLANKTON ZOOPLANKTON

10. Plankton microbes have incredibly fast growth & life cycles • these microbes are the most important food & oxygen source on the planet! • Think about why?

11. 2 habitats here in the neritic zone: CORAL REEFS KELP FORESTS

12. In warm tropical regions • Built up limestone deposits from small organisms called corals • Corals depend on a certain type of algae for food needs, algae uses sunlight to produce food • Only exist in areas where sunlight reaches • In cold waters • Type of seaweed that attaches itself to ocean floor • Appox 130 feet tall • Uses sunlight to produce food • Only found in waters near shore • Provides habitats for many animals Coral Reefs Kelp Forests

13. The intertidal and neritic zones have lots of life because • of the Sun! • It kicks off PHOTOSYNTHESIS…so all the producers (sea plants & phytoplankton autotrophs) can make their own food! • And subsequently, become food for all others in a food web.

14. What’s life like farther down… • Deep Ocean

15. Deep ocean exploration & technology tells us! • submarines & other submersibles. • Used to explore sea life • Sonar Waves (sound waves) map sea floor. • Vibrations travel down and reflect (bounce back) from sea surface to tell us things such as depth

16. Life exists even in the deep ocean But how?

17. Life exists even in the deep ocean! HOW? • CHEMICAL ENERGY ! (not solar energy) • hydrothermal vents, submarine hot springs, and methane seeps(adds nutrients to water that plants need/use) • chemosynthetic organisms and dead organisms