WELCOME

1. COMPRESSED GAS SAFETY SAFETY TRAINING OSHA 29 CFR 1910.101 and 1926.350-354 WELCOME

2. FORWARD REGARDING COMPRESSED GAS SAFETY - Know the gas you are using, or don’t use it! “Never let your name, and the word “dead” be used in the same sentence.” Billy N. Ring, Fire Captain Dayton Regional HAZMAT Coordinator 27 Years Experience

3. REGULATORY STANDARD THE GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE FEDERAL - 29 CFR 1903.1 EMPLOYERS MUST: Furnish a place of employment free of recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees. Employers must comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. OSHA ACT OF 1970

4. DANGER COMPRESSED GAS STORAGE AREA APPLICABLE REGULATIONS 29CFR - SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS 1910 - INDUSTRIAL SAFETY & 1926 - CONSTRUCTION SAFETY 1910-101 - COMPRESSED GASES (GENERAL) 1926-350-354 - WELDING & CUTTING

5. DANGER COMPRESSED GAS STORAGE AREA CONSENSUS STANDARDS COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION CGA P-1 - SAFE HANDLING OF COMPRESSED GASES - Over 100 Other CGA Safety Manuals

6. OSHA CIVIL PENALTIES POLICY BEFORE MARCH 1, 1991: VIOLATION NARRATIVE: TEN (10) EMPLOYEES WERE NOTED NOT WEARING EYE PROTECTION IN AREAS WHERE A REASONABLE PROBABILITY OF EYE INJURY COULD OCCUR. PENALTY: $500

7. OSHA CIVIL PENALTIES POLICY (Continued) AS OF MARCH 1, 1991: CHANGES IN PENALTY COMPUTATION: 1. PENALTIES BROKEN OUT INDIVIDUALLY. 2. PENALTIES INCREASED SEVEN FOLD.

8. OSHA CIVIL PENALTIES POLICY (Continued) • AS OF MARCH 1, 1991: • VIOLATION NARRATIVE: TEN (10) EMPLOYEES WERE • NOTED NOT WEARING EYE PROTECTION IN AREAS • WHERE A REASONABLE PROBABILITY OF EYE • INJURY COULD OCCUR. • 10 VIOLATIONS TIMES $500 = $5000 • 5000 TIMES SEVEN = $35,000 • PENALTY: $35000 BEFORE MARCH, 1991: $500 • AS OF MARCH, 1991: $35,000

9. GAS SAFETY PROGRAM GENERAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS ALL EMPLOYERS MUST: • Assign Responsibility • Establish a Written Program • Conduct Gas Safety Training • Develop Safe-Use Procedures • Conduct Work Area Inspections • Maintain a Safe Work Environment • Conduct Regular Program Evaluations • Ensure Proper Storage and Maintenance

10. TRAINING REQUIREMENTS THE EMPLOYER MUST PROVIDE TRAINING: • Properties of the Gases Being Handled. • Explain Why a Particular Gas is Required. • Conduct Training Prior to Job Assignment. • Precautions to be Taken in Using Cylinders. • Precautions to be Taken in Storing Cylinders. • Precautions to be Taken in Moving Cylinders. • Explain Proper Maintenance and Storage of Gases. • Explain the Potential Hazards Associated with Gases. • Explain The Nature, Extent and Effects of Gas Hazards.

11. GAS SAFETY PROGRAM RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS • REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A: • New Hazard or Gas. • Program Related Injury. • Change in Job Assignment. • New Hazard Control Methods. • Failure in the Safety Procedures. • Reason to Doubt Employee Proficiency.

12. Known jobs/areas having gas usage. Jobs/areas with new equipment or processes. New jobs having little or no statistical injury data. Jobs/areas having had recent operational changes. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY • RECOGNITION ASSESSMENT OF GAS HAZARDS:

13. Facility audit data. Employee surveys. Accident investigations. Logs of employee complaints. Statistical evidence of known/potential hazards. Injury and illness data of known/potential hazards. SAFETY PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY Continued EVALUATION

14. Written program. Training program. Employee involvement. Supervisor involvement. Corrective action program. Job hazard analysis program. Safety in purchasing (new gases, substitutes etc.) IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY Continued IMPLEMENTATION:

15. Periodic facility audits. Written program reviews. Employee feedback surveys. Job hazard analysis reviews. Recurrent training programs. Supervisor feedback surveys. Periodic statistical evaluations. Corrective action follow-up measures. SAFETY PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY Continued CONTROL:

16. PRINCIPAL HAZARDS: COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDS • Extremely High Pressure. • Toxicity. • Reactivity. • Instability. • Flammability. • Extreme Low Temperature. • Asphyxiation. • Radioactivity.

17. WHEN THINGS GO WRONG: COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDS Continued • Have Flown Over a Half Mile. • Penetrated Brick Walls. • Can Displace Oxygen in Extremely Large Areas. • Can Oxygen-Enrich Extremely Large Areas. • Can Spin and Ricochet Completely Out of Control. • Can Immediately Freeze Exposed Skin. • Can Explode With Tremendous Force. • Can be Virtually Unstoppable.

18. THE TYPICAL COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDER: COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDS Continued • 175 Pounds. • 2,000 to 2,640 psig (some to 6,000 psig). • Wall Thickness of About 1/4 Inch. • 57 Inches Tall. • 9 Inches In Diameter. • Easily Toppled. • Easily Corroded. • Devastatingly Hazardous.

19. BASIC SAFETY RULES I’LL GET THE RUST OFF OF THIS THING ONE WAY OR ANOTHER! KIDS DON’T TRY THIS AT HOME!

20. THE BIG THREE: BASIC SAFETY RULES Continued • Oxidizers: Must not be used in contact with oils, greases or other hydrocarbons. • Flammables: Must not be exposed to flames, sparks or arcs including static electricity, hot surfaces or oxidizers. • NonFlammables: Must not be allowed to displace air in confined work spaces so that there is insufficient oxygen for breathing.

21. FILLING OF CYLINDERS: BASIC SAFETY RULES Continued • Cylinders may not be filled except by the supplier of the cylinder or with the supplier’s consent. • Where filling is authorized it must be accomplished in strict accordance with DOT, OSHA and CGA regulations.

22. CONTENT IDENTIFICATION: BASIC SAFETY RULES Continued • Never assume you know what it is! • Assuming (with gases) gets you dead! • Labels must be legible at all times. • Labels may not be altered or removed. • Labels may not be bypassed, ignored, or otherwise defeated. • Labels must be understood by all. • Non-legible/missing labels must be reported.

23. CONTENT IDENTIFICATION: BASIC SAFETY RULES Continued Continued • Labels and their means of attachment must withstand their normal operating environment. • Labels may evoke a false sense of security, and their meaning needs to be understood. • Labels must be securely attached to cylinders so that they cannot be inadvertently or accidentally detached during use. • Each container must bear the proper label for the gas contained.

24. PAINTING CONTAINERS: BASIC SAFETY RULES Continued • Containers may not be painted. • Painting may cover cylinder defects. • Containers showing signs of corrosion must be removed from service and returned to the supplier. • Never rely solely on the cylinder color for identification.

25. LEAKING AND DEFECTIVE CYLINDERS: BASIC SAFETY RULES Continued • Never underestimate the hazard! • Notify co-workers of the hazard. • Consider evacuation of the area. • Evacuate to open air, up-wind or side-wind. • Report the contents, location, situation. • Begin role call to account for co-workers. • Do not return to work until all-clear is given.

26. CYLINDER USAGE REQUIREMENTS: BASIC SAFETY RULES Continued • Verify contents before transporting or using. • Keep cylinder caps on until ready to connect. • Keep valve caps on until ready to use. • Never use as a door stop. • Never underestimate the hazard.

27. MOVEMENT OF COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS: BASIC SAFETY RULES Continued • Never handle roughly. • Never use magnetic lifting devices. • Never lift by valves or cylinder caps. • Never roll, drag, or slide the cylinder. • Always use a hand-truck, fork truck etc. • Cradles, ropes, chains, or slings are prohibited from use unless lugs or lifting attachments are provided by the manufacturer.

28. STORAGE REQUIREMENTS (GENERAL): BASIC SAFETY RULES Continued • “No Smoking” signs must be posted. • The name of the gas must be posted. • Specific hazards must be posted. • Containers must be stored up right. • Gases must be stored with like gases. • Do not intermingle full and empty containers. • The oldest material must be used first. • Stored only on stable surfaces. • Some gases must always be shaded from sun.

29. OUTDOOR STORAGE (GENERAL): BASIC SAFETY RULES Continued • Bottoms must be protected from corrosion. • Must be secured to prevent toppling. • Must be shaded in extreme temperatures. • Some gases must always be shaded from sun. • Should be of fire-resistive construction. • Should be protected from tampering. • Local fire inspectors should evaluate. • NFPA guidelines should be reviewed.

30. ACETYLENE DANGER NO SMOKING NO FUMAR 4 3 1 GAS INSPECTION CHECKLIST BASIC SAFETY RULES Continued • NAME • PRECAUTIONS • RESTRAINED ABOVE • MIDPOINT • EMERGENCY & USE • PROCEDURES • AWAY FROM • COMBUSTIBLES

31. STORAGE VARIES GREATLY, HERE ARE A FEW EXAMPLES OF COMMON STORAGE REQUIREMENTS. ASK YOUR LOCAL FIRE INSPECTOR TO HELP YOU WITH YOUR SPECIFIC TYPES OF GASES. STORAGE RULES

32. USE OLDEST STOCK FIRST! DANGER FULL CYLINDERS NO SMOKING! ACETYLENE DANGER GAS STORAGE CHECKLIST COMPRESSED GAS STORAGE AREA 4 3 1 STORAGE RULES Continued

33. FULL CYLINDER STORAGE RULES: STORAGE RULES Continued • If you’re not trained don’t touch it! • Read the Material Safety Data Sheet. • Do not smoke. • Mark cylinder with date of storage. • Rotate oldest product to front. • Rotate oldest product to front and use first. • Inspect cylinder for damage before storage. • Store with like kind of gas.

34. FULL CYLINDER STORAGE RULES: STORAGE RULES Continued Continued • Ensure all labels are readable. • Ensure valve assembly is tightly capped. • Ensure cylinder is restrained above midpoint. • Store upright on stable dry surface. • Keep electrical devices away from gas. • Keep combustible materials away from gas. • Keep heat, flame and ignition sources from gas. • Never underestimate the hazard.

35. EMPTY CYLINDER STORAGE RULES: STORAGE RULES Continued • If you’re not trained don’t touch it! • Read the Material Safety Data Sheet. • Do not smoke. • Ensure the cylinder is empty. • Ensure valve assembly is closed tightly. • Ensure valve assembly is capped tightly. • Inspect cylinder for damage before storage. • Store with like kind of gas cylinders.

36. EMPTY CYLINDER STORAGE RULES: STORAGE RULES Continued Continued • Ensure all labels are readable. • Ensure cylinder is restrained above midpoint. • Store upright on a stable dry surface. • Keep electrical devices away from gas. • Keep combustible materials away from gas. • Keep heat and flame away from gas. • Never underestimate the hazard.

37. THERE ARE HUNDREDS OF GASES USED IN INDUSTRY. HERE ARE A FEW EXAMPLES OF COMMONLY USED GASES. ASK YOUR SUPPLIER TO HELP YOU WITH YOUR SPECIFIC TYPES OF GASES. SPECIFIC TYPES OF GASES

38. OXYGEN (INCLUDING OXIDIZING GASES): SPECIFIC TYPES OF GASES Continued • Oxygen and oxidizers can be deadly. • Cleanliness is absolutely essential!!! • Explosion results upon contact with hydrocarbons. • Keep oil, grease, and other hydrocarbons away! • Ensure process or system is compatible with oxygen. • Assess compatibility of equipment and materials. • Separate from combustible materials. • Oxygen can “fuel enrich” permeable materials. • Oxygen enriched materials burn tremendously.

39. THE pH of ACIDS AND BASES pH IS THE NUMERICAL MEASURE OF ITS RELATIVE ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY. THE RANGE IS FROM 0 - 14 WITH A NEUTRAL LEVEL EXPRESSED AS A pH OF 7.0. pH ABOVE 7.0 - MORE ALKALINE OR BASIC. pH BELOW 7.0 - MORE ACIDIC. SPECIFIC TYPES OF GASES Continued

40. CHECK FOR COMPATIBILITY! ACID BASE LOW pH HIGH pH SPECIFIC TYPES OF GASES Continued

41. ACID & ALKALINE GASES: SPECIFIC TYPES OF GASES Continued • Avoid contact with all bodily routes of entry. • Wear goggles and suitable skin protection. • Consider effects on the respiratory tract. • Long sleeves and trousers are mandatory. • Open toed shoes or sneakers are prohibited. • Gas masks/SCBA must be immediately available. • SCBA must be used when the concentration could exceed the rating of the gas mask canister or if the gas could displace oxygen to below 19 percent.

42. ACID & ALKALINE GASES: SPECIFIC TYPES OF GASES Continued Continued • Emergency showers/eyewashes must be available. • Quantities on-site must be limited. • Ventilation must be adequate in the work area. • Common corrosive and toxic gases include: - Boron Trichloride - Bromine Trifluoride - Chlorine Trifluoride - Hydrogen Fluoride - Iodine Pentafluoride - Silicon Tetrafluoride - Sulfur Tetrafluoride - Tungsten Hexafluoride

43. HIGHLY TOXIC GASES: SPECIFIC TYPES OF GASES Continued Continued • Medical services should be pre-planned. • Suppliers/manufacturers should be consulted. • Emergency responders should consulted. • Common highly toxic gases include: - Arsine - Boron Trichloride - Bromine Trifluoride - Bromine Pentafluoride - Chlorine - Fluorine - Germane - Hydrogen Cyanide - Hydrogen Selenide - Hydrogen Sulfide - Nitric Oxide - Phosgene

44. CRYOGENIC LIQUEFIED GASES: SPECIFIC TYPES OF GASES Continued • In liquid form at relatively low pressures. • Extremely low temperatures. • Usually below - 238F (- 150C). • Handled in heavily insulated containers. • Insulated containers minimize evaporation. • Proper operation of venting systems is essential. • High expansion rate on vaporization. • Can cause extreme bodily damage on contact. • Full body protection must be utilized.

45. CRYOGENIC LIQUEFIED GASES: SPECIFIC TYPES OF GASES Continued Continued Oxygen Rate of Expansion 3 875 ft 3 +65F 1ft - 238F

46. LOX SPECIFIC TYPES OF GASES Continued • CRYOGENIC LIQUEFIED GASES: Continued • Use only hardware designed for cryogenics. • Pain is not immediate. • Tissue solidifies over time. • Blood circulation is arrested. • Serious skin burns may result. • Blood clots are highly probable. • Skin highly vulnerable to infection. • Flush with tepid water.

47. SPECIFIC TYPES OF GASES Continued • INERT GASES: • Can displace oxygen leading to asphyxiation. • SCBA or airline systems must be used. • Oxygen content below 19 percent is dangerous. • Common highly inert gases include: - Argon - Carbon Dioxide - Helium - Neon - Nitrogen - Xenon

48. GENERAL SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS SPECIFIC TYPES OF GASES Continued • Don’t be afraid to ask people to wait! • Limit conversation while using gases. • Know that you could be seriously injured. • Know that no one ever expected to get injured. • Know that none of us is immune to injury. • Know the safe procedures before starting work. • Know the location of first aid kits. • Avoid horseplay - don’t tolerate it from others. • Think about going home in the same shape. • Know your gas!

49. WORK AT WORKING SAFELY Training is the key to success in managing safety in the work environment. Attitude is also a key factor in maintaining a safe workplace. Safety is, and always will be a team effort, safety starts with each individual employee and concludes with everyone leaving at the end of the day to rejoin their families.