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CCNA Semester I

CCNA Semester I. Unit 5 – Cabling LANs and WANS Karl Wick SUNY Ulster. Part 1 Cabling the LAN. Common Media Types. Layer one hardware and topology can vary. Many different types of media can carry data. Layer 2 (Data Link) has the task of making it all work.

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CCNA Semester I

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  1. CCNA Semester I Unit 5 – Cabling LANs and WANS Karl Wick SUNY Ulster

  2. Part 1 Cabling the LAN

  3. Common Media Types Layer one hardware and topology can vary. Many different types of media can carry data. Layer 2 (Data Link) has the task of making it all work.

  4. Data Link layer is a Universal Key to Media Many Media for Ethernet. To layer Three, it all looks the same.

  5. Ethernet Layer 2 and 1 Specifications • Ethernet – The oldest, DEC, Intel & Xerox • 802.3 – 10BaseT • 802.3u (Fast Ethernet) • 802.3z (Gigabit Ethernet over Fiber) • 802.3ab (Gigabit Ethernet over UTP). • Note: The image in 5.1.3 scrolls right to left.

  6. Here at Ulster • Each classroom workstation is wired with 100BaseT to a switch. (1-2 rooms per switch). • The switches connect to the backbone which is 1000Base-LX(single mode?) fiber. • Routers provide security at critical network junctions and connectivity to servers and to the internet.

  7. Review of STP & UTP Cable Terminations

  8. EIA568A and EIA568B

  9. Bad and Good Connections

  10. Cable Types - Straight • All 8 pins connect to the same pins on each end of the cable • Used for most Ethernet connections • EIA 568A or 568B, same on both ends

  11. Crossover • A special cable cable used to connect two devices of the same type. • Workstation to workstation • Sometimes between other devices • EIA 568A on one end, EIA 568B on other • Transmit and receive pairs are swapped

  12. Rollover • Used to connect a workstation serial port to the console port on a router or programmable switch • Also called a console cable • All pins swap end to end (1-8, 2-7, etc)

  13. Which Cable to Use? • Every connection between computers or routers must have an odd number of swaps between the transmit and receive pairs. (Green-Green/White and Orange-Orange/White). • If a device has a plain port number [1,2,8], the device does NOT swap the pairs. • If a device has an X after the port number [1x, 2x, 24x], the device DOES swap the pairs.

  14. Which Cable to Use? • Every connection between computers or routers must have an odd number of swaps between the transmit and receive pairs. • An even number of swaps brings the pairs back to a straight through condition. • Generally: Switches and hubs swap pairs and Routers do not.

  15. The Usual, Bartender • Crossover Cable Required: • Switch to Switch, Switch to Hub or Hub to Hub • Router to Router • PC to PC • Router to PC • Straight Through Cable Required: • Switch to Router • Switch to PC or Server • Hub to PC or Server

  16. Ports on A Cisco 1900 Switch • Are these crossover or straight ports? • What kind of cable connects a workstation to these ports? • What kind of cable would be used to connect this switch to another 1900 series switch?

  17. Repeaters and Hubs • Already covered in chapter three • Types of Hubs: • Passive – Physical Connection Only. Does not require power to work. • Active – Retimes and cleans up the signal. Requires a power source. • Smart - Include a microprocessor chip and diagnostic capabilities.

  18. Wireless • Infrared – Line of sight • RF – passes obstructions (300-500 feet) • Spread Spectrum for reliability and security • The frequency of the RF carrier wave varies. • Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS). • Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS). • Technical details not required here.

  19. Bridges (Add on to unit 3) [Data flow between Hh and V] [See 5.1.9 figure 4] Bridging Tables Shown

  20. Switches Micro-segment the Network

  21. Switch Functions • Build Switching Tables • Which MAC address(es) are on each port? • Switching data to the single proper port. • This may occur simultaneously for several conversations. • 10 or 100 Base T (Most hubs run at only 10BaseT) • VirtualLANS – Security • Direct Plug and play replacement for Hub

  22. Types of LANS

  23. Peer to Peer • Everyone is equal • Each node controls its own resources • No centralized administration

  24. Client Server Network • Centralized resources • Centralized Administration • Central backup location • Services: • Authentication • Print Server • File Server • Application Server • Mail Server • Web Server

  25. Part 2 Cabling WANS

  26. Some Types of WAN Connections /Coax ISDN PRI, ISDN Broadband, ATM, dialup modem, etc

  27. Serial Interface Connections • PPP • HDLC • Frame Relay • 2400 bps to 1.544k bps (T1) or more.

  28. ISDN BRI • Uses existing Copper Wire. • Dial on Demand • Dial on demand backup lines for faster links. • Typically uses two 64k bps data channels plus one 16k channel for overhead. • May use only one 64k data channel and the other channel for voice telephone. • Uses PPP encoding for the data channels.

  29. DSL and Cable • Digital Subscriber Line • Uses existing phone lines WITHIN 18,000 feet of the Central Office. • Data rates up to about T1 speed (1.5Mbps) • Cable uses existing coaxial lines. • Speed similar to DSL but may be faster. • Shared bandwidth.

  30. Cisco Serial Connectors and Cables • 60 Pin standard. 4 rows of 15 pins each. • Smart Serial (mini) connector. • Cables are labeled DTE or DCE • DCE cable includes a clock signal to control the speed of the link • DTE cable does not include the clock signal • Common carriers ALWAYS want to control the clock. WHY? • In our labs one router on each link will provide a clock signal to the other.

  31. CSU/DSU • channel/data service unit • Similar to a modem but for serial digital links. • This unit will control the clock in most installations. The router will not provide a clock signal to the CSU/DSU • It might provide a clock to another router on a different link.

  32. Simple LAN

  33. Two Hub (or Switch LAN) x s

  34. Two Hub LAN with Router for connectivity, security and isolation Two Broadcast domains. A router filters traffic by destination and by rules

  35. A two router network with a serial link Note: The serial link may be a leased line several miles long. Similar to Campus to BRC link.

  36. Router Port Names 10BASE-T = Ethernet 0 or E0 AUI = Ethernet 1 or E1 Fast Ethernet = Fastethernet 0 or F0 Serial Ports = Serial 0/0 and Serial 0/1 or S0/0 and S0/1 S0/0 Means interface card #0 and port #0. The WIC can have 1 or 2 ports

  37. ISDN Router Connections • There are two types of router jacks for ISDN connections. These are S/T and U. • A U interface has an integrated NT1* • An S/T interface requires an external NT1* • * ”Network terminator” - Used to connect four-wire subscriber wiring to the conventional two-wire “local loop”. • In North America, the customer typically provides the NT1, while in the rest of the world the service provider provides the NT1 device.

  38. ISDN Cables • Caution: It is important to insert the cable running from an ISDN BRI port only to an ISDN jack or an ISDN switch. • ISDN BRI uses voltages that can seriously damage non-ISDN devices. • You cannot connect two ISDN routers back to back unless you go through a telephone company type ISDN switch.

  39. DSL and Cable Routers • To connect a router for DSL service, use a phone cable with RJ-11 connectors. DSL works over standard telephone lines using pins 3 and 4 on a standard RJ-11 connector. • Cable Modems connect to ethernet ports on a router using a standard straight through cable. • Cisco says the modem uses a BNC jack to connect to cable. Many use standard F59 cable TV connectors. • Some routers have built in cable modems.

  40. Programming Cisco Devices Talk to the device through the console connection using an 8 pin rollover cable (NOT crossover), a workstation and a terminal emulator program. Settings are 9600 Baud, No Parity, 1 stop bit and no flow control. Do not use the AUX port. It is for a modem connection only. It will not work unless first turned on via the console port.

  41. Hyperterminal • Is pre configured on our lab workstatons. • You can find it on any Windows computer through START, Programs, Accessories, Communications. • Other terminal emulators such as “CRT” are available.

  42. Sample Hyperterminal Setup Screens The name at the top was provided at the previous screen.

  43. Fertig.

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