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The Great Immigration Wave: Advantages and Disadvantages

Explore the significant European immigration period of 1865-1915, analyzing push and pull factors, the journey to America, arrival procedures, living and working conditions, and nativism viewpoints. Understand the impact of the largest mass human movement in history.

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The Great Immigration Wave: Advantages and Disadvantages

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  1. Warm Up: ISN pg. 35 Create a T-Chart: Immigration: Advantage/Disadvantages List as many advantages you can think of for immigrating to another country List the disadvantages

  2. The Rising Tide of Immigration 1865 – 1915 European Immigration

  3. The Great Migration: 1880- 1921 • The largest mass movement of people in human history: 23 million immigrants arrived in America • Immigrants were mostly from southern and eastern Europe: Southern Italy, Russia, Bulgaria, Greece, Portugal • Most were young male, Catholic or Jew, spoke little English • Before 1880: Immigrants were from northwestern Europe: England, France, Germany

  4. B. Push Factors: Why immigrants left Europe • 1800’s Europe had less agriculture business because of the Industrial Revolution • Political and religious persecution: Eastern European Jews in Russia not allowed to own land or move; experienced pogroms (violent mob attacks)

  5. Pull Factors: Why did people want tocome to America? • U.S. the land of opportunities • Pamphlets gave exaggerated stories how great America was • People brought hope for a better life

  6. C. The Journey Across the Atlantic • Steamships carried 1,200 - 2,000 people • Trip took about 2 weeks • Immigrants were in steerage, below deck • No windows, no vents, small rooms • 1 toilet for 47 people (sometimes 1,000 people) • Everything was dirty; only boiled water was served

  7. D. Arrival in America • 75% of immigrants went through Ellis Island (The Island of Tears) • The Statue of Liberty greeted each steamship • “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door.”

  8. E. Medical Inspections • First and second class passengers: brief inspection and got off the ship • Steerage class: long lines, inspections at Ellis Island • Medical Inspections: looked for mentally ill and sick to refuse them entry into the U.S. • Medical exam looked for problems: Doctors wrote a letter on people’s shoulder: K: hernia, H: heart; B: back problems

  9. F. Legal Inspection • Registry Hall: huge hall for 5,000 people • Immigration officer asked 32 questions: Name, married?, have money?, more than $30?, condition of your mind, your health? • 2% were sent back to their home country

  10. G. Ethnic Enclaves • 70% of immigrants lived in urban centers: New York City, Chicago, Pittsburgh • Enclaves are poor neighborhoods of immigrantsfrom the same country • Familiar food, language, traditions, culture

  11. H. Living Conditions • City tenement buildings: crowded, rundown apartments; little light, air, heat • Tenement buildings easily caught fire • Rent: $10 - $20/month • Typical numbers: 14 people in 3 room apt. • Streets: filled with waste, garbage • Some immigrants moved to rural areas

  12. I. Working Conditions • 80% of immigrant workers were unskilled • Pay: Textile workers: $4 a week; families needed about $14 a week • Average salary 10 cents an hour (children got half that) • 12 to 14 hour days • Factories were dangerous and dirty

  13. Americans’ Treatment of Immigrants Cartoon from magazine, Jan. 11, 1893 Shadows of immigrant origins over wealthy Americans who are “greeting” new immigrants American Nativism: Belief held by native-born Americans and long-time immigrants that new immigrants threatened their way of life. Nativists held strong prejudiced ideas against new immigrants

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