1 / 36

Frisian in Friesland (Netherlands): a ‘cool’ example of multilingualism

Frisian in Friesland (Netherlands): a ‘cool’ example of multilingualism. Alex M.J. Riemersma Lector Frisian & Multilingualism in Education Donostia (BAC, Spain), 24 October , 2012. Frisian is spoken in one province (of 12) of the Netherlands: Fryslân .

lorand
Download Presentation

Frisian in Friesland (Netherlands): a ‘cool’ example of multilingualism

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Frisian in Friesland (Netherlands): a ‘cool’ example of multilingualism Alex M.J. Riemersma Lector Frisian & Multilingualism in Education Donostia (BAC, Spain), 24 October, 2012

  2. Frisian is spoken in oneprovince (of 12) of the Netherlands: Fryslân

  3. Languages across the North Sea • Dia mei taartdiagram ferhâldingen Reitze Jonkman en Alex Riemersma

  4. Characteristics of Frisian • Frysk English Dutch German • TsiisCheese Kaas Käse • TsjerkeChurch Kerk Kirche • Kaai Key Sleutel Schlüssel • twa skieptwosheep twee schapen zwei Schafe • Ik haw west / I have beenIk ben geweest / Ich bin gewesen

  5. Fryskin Fryslân (Netherlands) • Autochthonousminoritylanguage • Western Germaniclanguage • Fryslân has 640,000 inhabitants • 55% has Frisian as mothertongue (= 350.000 speakers) • BUT: Frisian is successful as second language: • 65% canreadFrisian; • 74% canspeakFrisian; • 94% comprehendsFrisian.

  6. Frisian Language Command

  7. Evolution of Frisian • First mentioned in 12 BC by Tacitus • 802: Lex FrisionumbyCharlemagne • 12th – 15th centuries: legaltexts • 16th - 19th centuries: neglected as farmer’slanguage • 20th century: steady developmentfrom dialect-status torecognisedlanguage

  8. Evolution of Frisian • First literature in Renaissance: GysbertJapicx (1603-1666) • Revival in Romanticperiod: 19th centuries: folk tales & songs, and ‘cabaret’: oral culture • 20th century: steady spread in alldomains of culturalandsocial life

  9. Status of Frisian • Unique minoritylanguage, strong in oraluse in homogeneouslinguistic area • No recognition in Dutch Constitution • Language Bill (2012) notyetenacted, but Covenant (1989; 1993; 2001) • Recognised in the European Charter – part III + 48 undertakings (1996) • National Minority in the FCNM (2005)

  10. Language Planning • Status Planning: steady process of recognition & legislation in 20th century • Corpus Planning: 1879-1980: Standardisationprocess on orthography & grammar • VariousDictionariesFrisian-Dutch; also: Frisian-English2008: Frisian-Frisian • ? : Google Translate

  11. Fryske Akademy

  12. Language Planning • Frisian in Education: 1907: permitted extra curriculum 1937: permittedfor reading1955: permitted as medium of instruction 1980: obligatory school subject in p.e. 1993: obligatory school subject in s.e. 1989: first Frisian medium pre-schools • Strengthening of languagewill (attitude) byculturalaffairs, media andkey - icons

  13. Etnicity & Language Attitude • 76% of Frisianmother tongue speakers considerthemselvesfirstly “Frisians” – 22% “Dutch” • 54% of non-Frisian speakers considerthemselvesfirstly “Frisians” - 20% “Dutch” / - 27% as “non-Frisian” • “Frisianlanguageand culture belongstoour common heritage.”

  14. Language Attitude • 84% of all inhabitants is in favour of language maintenance (and use of its own language) in the united Europe • However, nobody is mono-lingual • No: either – or • But: and – and > personal plurilingualism and multilingual society

  15. Old theory / ferâldere ideeën

  16. Frisian Language Birth - Bag Language bag for new borns – Aim to strengthen the awareness for conscious (multilingual) upbringing

  17. Parents’ “informedchoice”

  18. MELT - EU funded project (2009 - 2011) Brochure for parents & Guide for pre-school practitioners (0- 4 years) • Brochure aiming at “informed choice” in eight languages : • Frisian-Dutch • Welsh-English • Swedish-Finnish • Breton-French • Translations planned into: German, Niederdeutsch, Corsican, Bildtsk.

  19. MELT Guide for pre-school practitioners Tomke Dewin Telling story's with concrete materials • Goals of thoseactivities: • Identification • Methodology of story telling • Immersion • Interaction • Increasevocabulary Playing games

  20. Frisian in pre-school andPrimaryEducation • Pre-school provisions:100 (out of 350): Frisian medium or bilingual Dutch-Frisian • Primary school: Obligatory subject100 schools (out of 450) useFrisian as a medium foroneday or half day45 schools (= 10%) trilingual model

  21. MultilingualSecondaryEducationin Friesland • MainstreamSecondaryeducation: - Dutch dominant- English andFrisian as a subject only- Limited use of Frisian as medium in oraluseonly • Experiments in progress: • 3 bilingual schools: Dutch and English medium andFrisian as a subject only • 3 trilingual schools: Dutch, English andFrisianboth as a subject and a medium Reitze Jonkman en Alex Riemersma

  22. MultilingualHigherEducation in Friesland • Trilingualstream at Teacher Training (forprimaryschooling) in Ljouwert • Minor Multilingualism (30 ects) • Master Multilingualism (60 ects) • Lectureship > research andquality on continuity of teaching & learning

  23. Trilingual education in Fryslân • Model: Frisian, Dutch and English as subject & medium of instruction- Grade 1-6: 50 % Frisian, 50 % Dutch- Grade 7-8: 40 % Frisian, 40 % Dutch, 20% English • Early start English • Conciouslyseparateduse of languages: person / time / themes

  24. Trilingual education in Fryslân • Developments:(a) 2012 > 50 primarytrilingual schools (= 10%)(b) 100 schools: semi-multilingualeducation: mainlyDutch + English as a subject; Frisianmedium for (half) school day • Continuitytosecondaryeducation:2012: 3 pilot schools with the concept of multilingualclil (= medium of instruction)

  25. School Language Policies • Clear goals andContinuity • Integration (“buidlingbridgesbetween”) of subjects & languages • Well-thought model aiming at (Fishman): “multilingual / multi-literate” • Investment in time, materials, schoolingandparents’ & students’ support

  26. Task/ambition of lector • Continuity of ME fromprimarytosecondaryeducation; adequate teacher training • Two targets: Didactic approach for teacher training:- effective & integratedlearning- aiming at results • Development of measurement tool forcomparableresults of languagecommand;Reference levels: CEFR, DFR andAnglia Reitze Jonkman en Alex Riemersma

  27. Frisian in otherdomains • Public authorities: oralusemainly • Media: radio full day; tv 2 hrs + re run • Theater: 1 professional company;100 amateur theater groups • Literatureandchildrens’ literature • Music: all genres, choires, cd’s

  28. Europe and Fryslân • Fitting in EU policy towards:- linguisticdiversity- mother tongue + 2 more languages • Frisian as a goodexample in Europe:- multilingualism of the individualcitizenand of the society • Pupils feel at ease:at home, at school, in society, in Europe

  29. Mercator Network of Schools • 94 schools • 33 Regions • 18 member states

  30. Frisian Culture to Europe • 2001 European Year of Languages> Frisian poem “Bitterswiet” translated into 82 languages; permanent attention at the radio broadcasting of OmropFryslân • 1990 Frisian Song Contest “Liet” > From 2002: Liet International for European regional & minority languages:Ljouwert – Östersund – Luleå – L‘orient – Chichon

  31. European Partnerships • Mercator European Network: 5 partners:Abrysthwyth, Barcelona, Budapest, Ljouwert, Stockholm • Network toPromoteLinguisticDiversity:11 regionalauthorities: BAC, Navarra, Brittany, Catalunya, Corsica, Estonia, Swedish Finland, Fryslân, Galicia, Ireland, Wales.+ 19 NGO’s

  32. Cultural Capital of Europe

  33. Dankuwel • Dankscheen • Eskerrik asko • Köszönöm Tankewol Tankewol • Mercé plan • Grazia • Graciis • Kiitos • Multimesc • Hvala • Trugarez • Diolch Tankewol • Mange Takk

More Related