From Awareness To Improvement… “ Changing Aviation Safety Culture”

1. From Awareness To Improvement…“Changing Aviation Safety Culture”

2. Project Mission • Improve the “Safety Culture” of the College of Aviation at Western Michigan University • Safety Culture = Safety related behaviors and conditions that are valued by the College of Aviation

3. What Is Aviation Behavior Based Safety (ABBS)? Measurement BBS Process Feedback Problem-Solving

4. ABBS Does NOT Replace: • Training—the knowledge to be safe • Equipment—the tools to be safe • Engineering Solutions—hazard recognition and elimination • Support—commitment & follow through

5. BBS In Industry • BBS systems have been successfully implemented in thousands of organizations around the world • Manufacturing • Construction • Health Care • Office Settings • Utilities • Increasing the frequency of critical safe behaviors and conditions resulted in decreased accident rates across all settings • References available upon request

6. Contrast: Traditional Safety Programs & Behavior Based Safety

7. Traditional Approaches • Traditionally, companies have focused on “Accident Rate” safety measures such as: • NTSB recordable accident rates • ASRS incident reports • NTSB accident reports • Focusing on Accident Rates has several disadvantages

8. Accident Rate Disadvantages • Reactive—An injury must occur before the system can react • Not specific—Do not indicate exactly what needs to be done on-the-job to maintain or improve safety • Low impact—Hard to change at-risk behaviors that are at “habit strength” • Negative—focusing on accident rates highlights worst aspect of work

9. BBS—Focuses On… • Identification of Systems Factors—factors that influence an individual’s ability perform safely • Training • Equipment • Support • Problem solving—elimination or reduction of influence from systems factors

10. BBS—Focuses On… • Identification of Safety Targets—behaviors or conditions that are critical to performing safely • Increasing the frequency of those critical safe behaviors and conditions

11. BBS Basics Target Safety Related Behaviors & Conditions Increase Frequency of Behaviors & Conditions Directly Related to Safety Frequent Observation Feedback Reinforcement/Problem Solving

12. The BBS Process • Is Proactive—by providing measures of safety targets on-the-job that can be used to avoid injuries • Is Specific—safety target data indicates exactly what can be done to maintain and improve safety • Can Change Attitudes & Culture—higher impact on at-risk behaviors that are at “habit strength” • Is Positive—safety achievements and improvements are the focus

13. The Process Assessment ABBS Development Training Implementation Evaluation & Cont. Imp. End

14. Assessment Accident Analysis Process Mapping Interviews Safety Assessment Baseline Observation Baseline Videotaping

15. ABBS Development Project Strategy Develop Process Project Steering Team Development Process Target Behaviors Design Measurement Rollout Plan

16. ABBS Development • Project Strategy • Identify Key groups • Safety Committee • Instructors • Students • Get “buy-in”

17. Instructors Pre-Flight Pre-Flight Briefing In-Flight Post-Flight Post Flight Briefing Classroom instruction Students Pre-flight inspection Classroom learning Team Riding ABBS Development Target Behaviors

18. ABBS Development • Develop process for measuring safety targets—data collection • Instructor-student observations • Instructor-instructor observations • Student-student observations • Develop process for feedback • On-the-spot feedback • Summary feedback • Goals setting • Develop roll-out strategy • How will the process be put in action?

19. Implementation Observers Identified Observer Training Process Implementation Begin Obs. & Fdbk. Problem Solving

20. Evaluation & Continuous Improvement Evaluate Process Eval. Targets & Goals Evaluation and Continuous Improvement Fade I/O Psych. Involvement Reinvention of Process

21. Behavior Based Safety“Building From The Ground up” Contact Person: Bill Rantz, MA william.rantz@wmich.edu Psychology Department Collaborators: Ryan Olson, MA John Austin, Ph.D. john.austin@wmich.edu Alyce Dickinson, Ph.D. alyce.dickinson@wmich.edu